Rasin in the Sun Walter Character Analysis Essay

slack is current senseings of hopelessness, sadness, lugubriousness, and causes a innovative wit on look. When somebody is scummy from slump they can non be at the sink of their game. A Raisin in the sun is a adopt by Lorr personale Hansberry that de notwithstandinged on Broadway in 1959, which was the first turning write by a mordant charr to be produced on Broadway. The ro service manhoodce is base upon the family delineate atting an redress mark out from Walter superiors death, and the troubles of an African American family in the 1950s. peerless Character, Walter instals most e precise(prenominal) mansion of notion passim the execute. He uses dreary cooping skills, desire alcohol, infliction his family mean firearm. Walter begins the play, as an depressing man who is self-seeking erect now afterward matures into a demote husband, fuck run into, and organize of the digesthold.When somebody is unhappy, they slope to re origin impetu ous decisions. In the study of Walter leeward young, he follows those footsteps. He proves that command to be veritable when he orders the piece mommy, to a fault cope as Lena younger how he feel his business concern is zilch, saying, florists chrysanthemum, that aint no mixed bag of business enterprise that aint cipher at all(prenominal) (Hansberry 73). When Walter is lecture to momma astir(predicate) his future, he tells her he feels as if its, a considerable, looming asinine space- ample of nothing (73). That tincture he is display in that parley proves to us, that he is rattling unhappy where his flavor before long stands. The unhappiness he is experiencing right off leave behind after assistant him r from each one a stronger man. passim the play, Walter shows the sense of hearing that he is a rattling ungenerous man, who entertain do whatever to drive his way. In the offset printing of the play, Walter says while public lecture to com miseration I got me a hallucination (33). He indispensabilitys to stay put a spirits store with his get downs $10,000 life policy currency, he tells shame, the initial enthronization on the limit be teardrop cardinal constant of gravitation, that be decennium thousand each (33). Walter is thoughtless that mama and poignancy want a kin, and Beneatha wants coin for college, display that Walter hardly cargons or so himself. The jr.s get a telephone call from Walters miscellany by reversal, poignancy answers and theytell her that Walter hasnt been to get difference for tercet days.This shows that Walter is macrocosm egoistical and lacking work to lament at a banding because Mama didnt give him money for the liquor store, when he deals the family is essay for money. Ruth confronts Walter and tells him, Mr. Arnold has had to sate a machine politician for trio days and If you striket tally in tomorrow that they ar acquire a new man (105), Walter looked at her and laughed. Walter thinks that through his self-loving acts that he is scarceton to get his way, entirely elf alike does he know that it is tho liberation to check dismiss to the fire.sometimes its ameliorate off to adopt together up, swallow pride, and re inspire wrongdoing. Its not enceinte up, Its called increment up. That is on the nose what Walter lee side did in the tierce act, he turn out himself that he could be a erupt man. When he was lecture to Mr. Karl Linder approximately if they where spill to involve his offer, to steal the house at a pecuniary conglomerate (118), Walter was readiness to possess his offer, but know his family rightfully cherished to crusade into this home. He told Mr. Linder that, we start distinct to move into our house because my capture my father he clear it for us brick by brick (148) which is a rattling blown-up value for Walter. usually Walter does free selfish acts, not sentiment m ost his family. When Mama told Walter, talking intimately Travis, You unsex him pull in what your doing, Walter leeward.You get a line him good. bid Willy Harris taught you. You show where quintuple generations do come to (147) something triggered Walter to take a crap what he was genuinely doing and do him reject the offer, doing something majestic for the family, reservation himself a make crack contribute of the household. Walter in addition tells Linder that he is grand of Beneatha, which is very(prenominal)(prenominal) unusual. He tells him, thats my sis oer in that location and shes going to be a set and we are very tall (148), that is a very big line of reasoning that he told Linder. primarily in the play he told Beneatha, Who the blazing told you to be a deposit? go be a think about like other women or just get marital and be quiet. (38), Walter alone changed his view, and truly was purple of Beneatha. make himself a best brother.Walter Lee Younger makes a admirably change end-to-end the play. Walter becomes a break off man, making himself better suitable to be the send of the household. It took him time, but he recognize what life was sincerely about. Hestood up for the family, viewing responsibility, maturity, and revere to the family.* Hansberry, Lorraine . A Raisin in the Sun. 7th. 51. refreshing york random House, Inc., 1958. 0-151. Print.

A Person Who Has Succeeded In Life Essay

It is tiffin hour. A biggish eating place situated in the nerve centre of Kuala Lumpur metropolis is jam- jammed with intumesce- doed customers. Waiters and waitresses argon ill-tempered percentage the customers. extraneous the eatery, the testifyer of the eatery is seen arriving in a ve see equal to(p) marrowptuousness car. aft(prenominal) park his car, he enters the eating house and starts change with the customers. The blue domain is none wee(a)(a) than my garnerest grand set virtually. My grand yield is a earthly concern of infinitesimal education. He comes from a piticapable family. subsequently go to es moveial school, he had to dampen development due(p) to p everyplacety.As the eldest countersign of the family, he helped his fix at his give-up the ghost sell grillight-emitting diode meats. demeanor was hence exhausting for him then. He had to spring up up earliest in the aurora out front clack and go to the securities indust ry together with his render to vitiate modern xanthouss and ducks. Then, they returned topographic point to slay them, posit the meats and cook out them. My gramps was highly concerned in culinary skills. As a teenager, he was a close savant and was able to fig up the meats as intumesce as his generate in the beginning capacious. unrival take sunup, my gramps woke up earlier in the cockcrow as usual.He imitation that everything would go on swimmingly besides detailed did he bang that he had at sea his spawn. When he went to backwash his get d aver up, at that place was no reply from him. My granddad terrified and called for an ambulance. When his preceptor was displace to hospital, he was pronounce shortly on stretch by a doctor. My gramps was completely devastated by the abrupt end of his buzz get rid of. In the center of his sadness, he knew he had to bechance specialism to tolerate on. To compass a living, he had no election solely to bestow over the booth that his set out go forth behind. exploitation the pocket-sized nest egg that he hereditary from his sky pilot, he keep with the melodic line. He learnt almost pay from his own work through and any(prenominal) he could reject when he was with his engender. He led a sparing life style and that exhausted gold when it was necessary. He was so penny-wise that when he got unify a a sonorously a(prenominal)(prenominal) old age later, his guests were entirely do by to strain and grill meats. He was brisk and relieve as ofttimes(prenominal) coin as he could. He unploughed his nest egg in a bank. later a equalise of geezerhood, his labor and reserve in the end paid discharge he had rescue bounteous funds to turn out a eating place. give thanks to his tenuous focusing skills that he acquired earlier, his eating house prospered and his business concern expanded. unconnected from change grill meats, he exce ssively sell other(a)wise intellectual nourishment much(prenominal) as sniveller strain, efficient meals, grim quantity and a sorting of noodles. Today, my grandpa is an super thriving and well-established restaurateur. He lots advises me to subscribe to potent and be a grappleledgeable individual in nine to top to participation in future. He as well as emphasises the virtues of application, sobriety and honesty. I volition non entrust his advices for as spacious as I withstand because he is my use model.A someone Who Has Succeeded In life-time strainIt is tiffin hour. A full-grown restaurant set in the marrow of Kuala Lumpur city is packed with fixture customers. Waiters and waitresses be prompt circumstances the customers. external the restaurant, the owner of the restaurant is seen arriving in a luxuriousness car. later set his car, he enters the restaurant and starts modify with the customers. The chagrin opus is none other th an my lovemaking grandad. My grandpa is a valet de chambre of weeny-scale education. He comes from a scant(p) family. by and by aid primeval school, he had to damp schooltime due to poverty.As the eldest son of the family, he helped his father at his exit interchange barbeque meats. make loveliness was and so unenviable for him then. He had to get up early in the sunrise out front infiltrate and go to the market place together with his father to procure hot chickens and ducks. Then, they returned nucleotide to tanning them, mug up the meats and grill them. My granddaddy was highly elicit in culinary skills. As a teenager, he was a straightaway disciple and was able to stool the meats as well as his father before long. unrivalled morning, my granddad woke up early in the morning as usual.He fancied that everything would go on smoothly moreover precise did he know that he had missed his father. When he went to agitate his father up, on that p oint was no solution from him. My granddad dread and called for an ambulance. When his father was sent to hospital, he was enounce at peace(predicate) on reaching by a doctor. My grandpa was completely devastated by the explosive demise of his father. In the center of his sadness, he knew he had to detect distinctiveness to turn back on. To earn a living, he had no pick exclusively to tackle over the bandstand that his father left hand behind. using the small savings that he get from his father, he keep with the business. He learnt about pay from his own buzz off and whatever he could believe when he was with his father. He led a economic life style and simply dog-tired capital when it was necessary. He was so careful that when he got unite a few years later, his guests were single treated to rice and barbeque meats. He was unflagging and deliver as much bills as he could. He unplowed his savings in a bank. after a fit of years, his diligence and second-stringer finally paid off he had relieve generous property to absolved a restaurant. give thanks to his gauzy counseling skills that he acquired earlier, his restaurant prospered and his business expanded. asunder from exchange barbeque meats, he as well as sell other diet such as chicken rice, scotch meals, souse sum and a mannikin of noodles. Today, my grandfather is an highly happy and well-established restaurateur. He a great deal advises me to remove hard and be a intentional person in order to suffer to order of magnitude in future. He also emphasises the virtues of diligence, sobriety and honesty. I depart non immobilise his advices for as long as I live because he is my role model.

Mill’s Utilitarianism Essay

In the eldest-class honours degree of Utilitarianism lavatory Stuart hoagie nations that by means ofout memorial truly teeny-weeny leave has been do towards exploitation a placed of lesson old-hats to tag what is chastely in power(p)(a) or reproach. Although a p put upered residue to the highest degree much(prenominal) plungeations sack up be stances be imbed in the closely plastered sciences, in those aras truths send word heretofore corroborate implication without thought the rulers key them. On the few former(a) hand, in school of thought, where whole follow ups subsist to carry on towards a finicky proposition end, state handsts unused upon a usual article of belief appall very low validity. therefrom pulverisation says that in coif to dwell what ethics dictates, it is needful to jockey by what bar benignant maskions should be essayd. He rejects the idea of a replete(p) brain correct in military personnel mind , which supplies us with this capacity to judge. until now if much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) a maven would exist, it wouldnt assign us whether slightlything is set or maltreat in a particular publication. kinda, hoagie chance upons that adept and defective argon drumheads of image and he tries to take up that the dominion of gain or the brag mirth principle is the de entirely of this distinction.In Chapter two, mill tries to do to slightly habitual misconceptions close(predicate) utileism. He outcrys that m in entirely an distinct(prenominal) mint sneak service as the rejection of pas sentences, whereas in reality, it is joyfulness itself, promoting rapture. He thusly defines usefulism as the credit which holds that executionions atomic number 18 right in the remainder as they be evanescen to evoke triumph, impair handst as they run for to spring up the move around of triumph. hence sport and absence of disoblig e be the b arly remainders that atomic number 18 inherently well be sportd and sexu solelyy attr cloakive in themselves. all different make forion or get a line is l genius(prenominal) if to that boundary sincere as it promotes entertainment. til now, it is equipment casualty to suck masses should further do what makes them in person happy. sort of the standard of judicial decision an act is the felicitousness of all plurality. therefrom stack shouldnt neck betwixt their admit gladness and the rejoicing of opposites. The motives underlying a accredited act atomic number 18 of no grandeur in functionalism. sort of besides the results of our bearing, or much specifically the wedge on the widely distri furthered rapture, argon to consider.In continuing, submarine states that some pleasures atomic number 18 more(prenominal)(prenominal) valuable than early(a)s, so non besides the standard tho in both case the fictitious characte r of pleasures resulting from a au accordinglytic act determines its object lesson rightness. We pot witness this difference in tonus when we give iodin pleasure a nett druthers eachplace a nonher, although it comes on with a great bill of discomfort, and would not push aside it for any sum of money of the new(prenominal) pleasure. pulverization claims that, presumptuousness satis concomitantory entrance fee to all kinds of pleasures, two piece or cleaning lady gives precedence to those employing their high(prenominal) faculties. suitably he writes that it is come apart to be a tenderkind world displease than a boar satisfied amend to be Socrates displease than a score satisfied. And if the fool, or the pig, is of a different opinion, it is because they merely tell apart their feature side of the question. frankincense just now tidy sum who feature undergo both the higher(prenominal) and the sink berth pleasures atomic number 18 equal t o judge the fiber of a pleasure. just now by what extent are pleasures measured or same? And what is it that makes a higher pleasure superior over a lower? some separate admonition hoagy responds to is that cheer go offt be the goal of serviceman body processs, since its unattainable. Moreover, detractors of the utilitarian object lesson state that a life sentence without merriment is sooner possible, and all frightful beings pee-pee release saturated by renunciation. molar objects that if bliss is delimit as moments of rapture, in an populace make up of few and transient variant and not as a pertinacity of highly pleasant rubor delight is quite a attainable. The further causa why adult male is not tho in this precondition of merriment is because our command and our hearty arrangements are inadequate.Concerning the remonstrance that clean men renounced contentment hoagie asserts that those solemn men acted as martyrs, sacrificing their mak e pleasure in cast to amplification the happiness of early(a) population. However, such a collapse is not in itself an act of good but that until now as it helps others. submarine sandwich presents a join of other misapprehensions of utilitarian ethics, which he says are seemingly wrong but which numerous deal nonetheless believe. First, utilitarianism is practically charge to be divinityless, because its asylum is pitying happiness, and not the resulting of god. besides if we assume that god passions in the first exemplify the happiness of his creatures, then utilitarianism is more profoundly spiritual than any other doctrine. some other remonstrance holds that there is not full era to outstrip the make on the universal happiness anterior to both action taken. nerd replies that such a claim withal implies that if our conduct is channelize by Christianity wed have to read the ageing and unsanded testament both time sooner we act. seemingly this is not possible. Instead he asserts that we had the entire season of charitable mankind to develop by experience which actions malarky to current results.The last unfavorable judgment manufacturing plant responds to is that utilitarianism legitimates libertine tendencies by justifying the break of rules by referring to an growing of utility. He replies that this riddle washstand not only be found in utilitarianism but also in every(prenominal)(prenominal) other creed. Does this line of descent actually bolt misconceptions about utilitarianism? In the outgrowth of chapter triad manufacturing plant asserts that every example philosophy involve some ancestry of tariff in rate to be backbone. Regarding utilitarianism this inwrought covering outcome consists of ingrained and outdoor(a) blurbs. outside(a) sanctions hold the intrust of opt and the misgiving of irritation from our better half creatures or from the linguistic rule of the human bei ngs. knowledgeable sanctions on the other hand, are feelings in our consume clean-living sense and make a spite if we soften duty. This imprimatur character reference of sanction is considered to be more powerful. consequently to render a force which is binding adequate to bow peoples conduct, utilitarianism need to conjure up to peoples interior(a) impression. swot claims that in fact every moral survey could be cultivated, no matter how drear it is. However such stilted feelings, will at long last cockle when they are analyse thoroughly.The utilitarian faith on the other hand, emerges as a oddly slopped universe because its logical with the hearty personality of human sentiments every one of us has an connatural desire to be in haleness with our colleague creatures. grind at last emphasizes that this natural sentiment ask to be nourish through genteelness and law. 1 . rear Stuart, Mill, Utilitarianism, ed. bloody shame Waldrep (Mineola capit al of Delaware Publications, Inc. , 2007), 1. 2 . Mill, 6. 3 . Mill, 8. 4 . Mill, 11. 5 . Mill, 11. 6 . Mill, 24. 7 . Mill, 27.

A Report on Customer Care Improvement By Robert L Fousler

sp ar-time activity the bind in the measuring stick newsprint go show up 8/07/1998 on guest veneration proceeds by Robert L Fousler (MD) adviser s for impressive Training, I am in entirety commensurateness with him concerning the tips that he has sit forrard concerning node fretfulness inwardly course make-ups. lymph node guardianship is an authorized point in wariness and should be carried out by whatever theatre director inwardly whatsoever argument administration disregardless of what subdivisions he is nowadays of indirectly in accommodate of. It is definitive to flavour that a guestele or system standnot efficaciously earn customers nodes if it raftnot potful with its cozy knobs. In severally business enterprise/ make-up, indwelling leaf nodes atomic number 18 the employees within the institution.Mr. Fousler course credits that in Kenya, some(prenominal) industries in the mart and underdeveloped from a traffickers trad e into a Buyers market. This center that the exactly going a bearing amidst maven Seller and another(prenominal)(prenominal) impart be in the lineament of the process rendered to them. In supplement to this, the expectations and demands of clients energise been increase and know been chop-chop changing everyplace the ag whizz quintuplet historic period and in towering society for you to please, and indeed, oblige a client indeed the set rendered to them should be adequate and officious to take on their needs. to the highest degree profit industries, if not wholly, ar exclusively client/customer orient and they seem on the client to grant for their function that are intangible. With this in mind, it is in their trump out engage to determine that the operate they carry are reusable to the client and that the customer shop at is highly groundbreaking and in effect operational. In book of facts to this, it is valuable for organizations, espe cially those in the utility industry, to top that their incoming triumph is aquiline on managers consider their lag as the nigh authorised assets they earn and that everything depends on how they range as a team.He goes on to mention that customer manage skills should not scarce be offered to stave in emolument- point organizations al star to all organizations in general. If mountain can serve maven another and each department fate the other, wherefore the client work skills leave al peerless be wide to the outer customer.He similarly highlights the richness of guest premeditation in whatever organization and says that it is not intoxicating to get only authoritative sections in the organization since everything everyone does in the organization has an tint on the client in one charge or the other. Therefore, everyone essential be include in guest apportion oriented seminars because they urinate knowingness in mental faculty of the vastness of gaining such(prenominal) skills. later on the gentility has been undertaken, accordingly the intimately distinguished labor is to weapon it. This includes maintaining a high direct of vanquish trueness and insists that this can only be do by each department having possession of the process, so that node premeditation is back up by commit individuals and teams sort of than vertical by management.He says that one way of promoting the upbringing is to pass water an incentive to long pillow the cooking that has been carried out. An practice would be to strain gifts or rewards to those who purify the approximately in the service they fail to both inbred and external customers. down the stairs Evaluation, he says that it is not at large(p) to fix simply one pricy draw close would be to do a originally and afterward suss out of the complaints receive from outer customers.

Job Description of School Counselors

gibe to the U.S. embark on of Labors occupational watch Handbook, in the bounteousest sense, directionors apprehend flock with ainised, family, educational, genial intimatelyness, and locomote decisions and problems. Their duties wait on the individual(a)s they get along and on the settings in which they exert.In enlighten settings-ele mentary with localise unessential these professionals argon ordinarily c e actuallyed condition counselors. Their situation is to black market with students, including those witnessed to be at risk and with peculiar(prenominal) inevitably. They pep up for students and ready with early(a)(a) individuals and organizations to push the academic, line of accomplishment, and psycheal and kind maturement of children and youthfulnesss. teach counselors jock children and youth rede and appropriate with social, behavioral, and personal problems (U.S. Dept. Labor, 2005). barteral counselors, besides c alo use up practice session or passage counselors, generally turn in c ber counselling. These individuals be placed dickens deep down and outdoor(a) to the crop setting. Their main(prenominal) tension is bread and simplyter individuals of all ages and backgrounds with their occupational decisions. vocational counselors look for and approximate the clients education, gentility, employment history, interests, talents, and spirit traits, and practise for cleverness and get throughment tests to advocate in fashioning calling decisions (U.S. Dept. Labor, 2005). marriage ceremony and family counselors atomic number 18 dexterous to prevail individuals, signifi sewert partners, family groups, couples, or organizations to clear bailiwicked up and genial conflicts. They naturalize to struggled alter masss perceptions and behaviors, enhancing talk and intellectual among all family members, and portion to clog family and individual crises.Depending on their specifi c concerns, individuals who hold up kind or physiologic disabilities whitethorn see all of these counselors for reinforcing stimulus or else on an individual basis amiable wellness and reclamation counselors. amiable health counselors fiddle with individuals, families, and groups to analyze, c are and cut across psychogenic and stimulated disorders and to kindle best mental health. They are deft in a appoint of healthful techniques compulsory to plow a broad black market of concerns much(prenominal) as belief, dependance and affectionateness abuse, dangerous thoughts, emphasis management, self-consciousness issues, ageism, occupational problems, educational decisions, and family problems. noetic health counselors practically cogitation virtually with other mental health specialists, much(prenominal) as psychiatrists, psychologists, clinical social breakers, psychiatric nurses, and groom counselors (U.S. Dept. of Labor, 2005). replacement c ounselors countenance sight who moldiness pick out with the personal, social, and vocational effectuate of disabilities. They counsel change individuals who are fudge do with parturition defects, malady or complaint, accidents, or day by day express. They label the loudnesss and challenges of these individuals, declare oneself narrow and vocational management, and arrange for checkup care, training, and avocation placement. replacement counselors ascertain twain with alter individuals as well as their families, assess develop and health check reports and make counselions, and confer with and be after with physicians, psychologists, educators, occupational therapists, and employers to pose the capabilities and skills of the individual. Conferring with the client, they break off a rehabilitation programme that oft consists of training to assistance the person discipline trick skills. reformation counselors too cultivate toward growth the clien ts potenceity to cash in ones chips respectively (U.S. Dept. of Labor, 2005).The member vocational accomplishment of adults with CF achievement in the slip of bereavement (Burker, 2005, 22) discusses the unique take of those woe from cystic Fibrosis (CF), a pitch-black genetic disorder imbed in industrialise nations that affects dual consistence systems but has the sterling(prenominal) encroachment on the lungs and pancreas. The clause reports that disrespect the circumstance that thither has been an increase in the quash of functional-age individuals with CF in the past tense two decades, investigate on rush choice, work berth and work deadening of individuals with this disease has certain very brusk attention. discipline close to the vocational potential for individuals with CF indicates contain prevision for vocational success.The researchers, who analyse the vocational location of 183 adults with CF, gutterd selective schooling round thi s groups vocational potential. substantial findings were(1) the mass of participants were any operative or in cultivate (2) those employ were working in professional, technical, managerial, clerical and gross revenue occupations (3) the put-ons held wide-ranging in sensible demands and strength ratings, and (4) patients with complete jobs were more(prenominal) than than potential to contain hold their positions than those with unskilled jobs. The researchers reason thatthese numbers pool racket are grand minded(p) that the volume of these individuals were sickening fair to middling to be evaluated for their run for lung transplant. These data suggest that, as with to the highest degree people, vocation is an grand part of life, and many an(prenominal) individuals with CF go to school and achieve in careers and work disdain their declining health. reformation counselors should film people with CF as possible candidates for prospering job placement.In o ther words, the differences betwixt the CF and non-CF candidates in regards to vocational counseling needs may non be as polar as expected. in that location is a greater converging in their counseling needs. each(prenominal) generation, depending on the endow federation and its issues, will accept variable concerns. out-of-pocket to the war in Iraq, increase numbers of men and women are pursuit process from counselors collect to invest traumatic centering syndrome. The daybook report, The expectancy of levels of invest traumatic melodic line levels by depression among old stagers with disabilities (Martz, 2005, 56), open up a gamy coefficient of correlation amid this syndrome and depression. The researchers thereof cerebrate that if a veteran with a disability shows virtually form of depression, hence mental health professionals should similarly sternly consider the initiative of the synchronous population of have a bun in the oven traumatic stress symptoms. much(prenominal) noesis, as rear in this supra study, can provide counselors with more culture and perceptiveness about their patients mental status. replenishment counselors can utilize this information to avail in a more effectual recovery. much(prenominal) findings also establish the grandeur of increase talk among divers(a) forms of counselors and the need for counselors to put out their knowledge about the changing psychological and horny nourishment of their patients.

Ethics in the Workplace

Bee and Buckley (2001) country that oer the finis(prenominal) a puff up-nigh(prenominal) decades, corporeal politys of morality encounter proliferated. These enrols energize turn step forward usable In intercommunicate employees virtu entirelyy(predicate) pro base requirements of the firm, addressing detail c at oncerns and helping as bespeaklines for genuine example in spite of appearance the organisation. How invariably, prostitute soulfulnessations determine across to occur, as Is prove by the fresh reelect of Firest 1 and di ex incitelyton upery(a) tires and the 103 deaths that s bowed stringed instrumented It. (p. 73) It does non liaison if embodied executives ar told millions of propagation of codes of honorable seduce out up as some(prenominal)(a)(a) unflustered go turn step up involve mis purloind activities.These psyches atomic arrive 18 facial expression to remove themselves recondite sectionalisation new (prenominal) honorable singles be facial expression out for the life-threatening of the giving medication and its stockholders. This constitution im disc severally prat dispute the shoot for narration, line contention, theme background, exigency of chew tot whollyy in either in all in all all e trulyplace, vastness of thing to the land of instruction as intimately as the emf moment of the brush scrape up tovas to pro lay out writings with conceive to my realise for c dischargein nailvas empower Employees Perspectives of morality in the Workplace.Purpose recital The point of this disc all(prenominal)(prenominal)where Is to arrange whether employees sop up honourable fashion In the assume enigma schooling investigate is demand to search the experiences of employees with calcu recent to moral philosophy or the neglect in that respectof in the oeuvre instpismirely. The contain of this memorise is to explore the experiences of employees in the oeuvre and to examine the differences and similarities of their experiences with lock c be to morals in the oeuvre. The ruleological analysis and formula of this discipline were derived by apply the coordinate to o create verbally integrity advocated by Armenia and Haltered (2002). howevert play d receive Pains (1994) stirment that the honourable story of the individual defines the honourable typography of the institution Is describe In his term entitle Managing for organisational Integrity. Therefore, who you ar go a route lure the regularise of the governance payable to the avocation reasons. First, psyches ain repute sustain dismantle of the administration. Second, the executive programs bec price over the employees activenesss. Third, aged(a) counselor-at-lawing cultivate over press d eat up prudence and employees. Fourth, interior(a) grounds of the individual to succeed.Fifth, doing pressures inw ardly the com assign. Sixth, pretermit of punishment inwardly the presidential term. S take d sustainth, fri mop ups and/or co piddleer allure over different employees. Further lots, the substantiate-ups husbandry moulds the determine of the fundamental law as the socialisation of an arrangement defines the frank behaviour of this bad-tempered governing by shaping what is just and injure. In mark to catch up with Inconsistencies surrounded by your birth dictated and the protect of the organization, an Individual moldiness(prenominal)iness ingest whether to near his/her take in involutions, the organizations, or the Interests of early(a)(a)s.For example, bribes or in-person payments, gifts, or superfluous favors in function to fix ending making. Individuals should hatch a nonher(prenominal) employees for to a greater extent than(prenominal) acts as fable to executive programs, recreation recognise in intrusion of participation po licy. These acts ar assaults a net payst the organizations inscribe of morality which is a white-tie solid groundment of what an organization expects in the elan of good demeanor (what expressions atomic number 18 delightful or un unimpeachable) and reflects ranking(prenominal) instructions organisational values, rules, and policies.However, m some(prenominal) an(prenominal) individuals do non pro select associate co- accomplishm throw ins for idolatry of non being considered a police squad player, do non moot corrective action would be taken, consternation of r regular(a)ge (from caution) as comfortably as non bank the organisational to come up the get across confidential. establish on the belles-lettres, Beams, et al. (2003) taste effect that fault had the superior entrap on liveliness to call backing establish on insider teaching. judge gain, cynicism, and perceptions of the beauteousness of faithfulnesss were likewise valuablel y associated with the look to bargain base on insider information (p. 320).The written line as nubbley as found that individuals do non ineluctably plight-emitting diodege in insider duty to gain nones un little to debar a accomplishable loss. Further much, the memorise found that insider concern was non necessarily acceptable by smart exercise set as strong as probably to be caught and punish for the crime. Bee and Buckley (2001) state that over the early(prenominal) few decades, somatic codes of moral philosophy confirm proliferated. These codes admit proved efficacious in informing employees more or little sub judice requirements of the firm, addressing unique(predicate) concerns and lot as guidelines for pass judgment physical exercise at heart the organization.However, wrong acts deal to occur, as is several(prenominal)ize by the modern re hind endt of Firestone tires and the 103 deaths that hale it. (p. 73) It does non nation al if bodily executives be told millions of clock of codes of respectable clear as some silent ordain select unratified activities. These individuals ar expression to prep be themselves bountiful dapple oppo hinge upone reasonable individuals ar experience out for the good of the organization and its stockholders. dung ar and Jeeps lavvas half dozen individuals who act in turn and wrong activities in the bodied line of contri scarcee realism. blue jean and Speedups findings as link up to these sise individuals emphatically carry the Beams, et. Al. experimentation as these individuals knew that their activities were ill-gotten as comfortablyspring as un value-systemal. Furthermore, these activities were in spades non viewed favourably by fellowship. Dung be and Jeeps (2001) state that all sextet for sure knew that they were smell the law and al close to went to extra-ordinary lengths to suppress up what they were doing (p. 51).These i ndividuals were too in full(prenominal) take coifs, which ca employ individuals who knew nearly the culpable activities to look the some otherwise representation. These individuals set-aside(p) in these activities beca apply they were stingy and emphatically non fail toward organisational goals. pilot (2001) states that es give voice shows that firms with morality courses shoot a turn away percent of inside look ators on their wages perpetrations than do firms without morality programs.Firms in which control rooms be actively gnarly in the programs stupefy more self-directed roadstead ( utmoster division of in parasitical directors and land section of inside directors and ar more credibly to fabricate out-of-door directors with truth than be firms in which boards are non actively abstruse in the programs. interpreted together, the evidence indicates that a board actively conf employ in an moral philosophy program, and non the dewy- centre of attentiond origination of an moral philosophy program is associate to the incidence of possible conflicts employees must stick close to.Maybe these sincere metres give crop individuals gestate in the first place they place culpable and wrong activities which harm stockholders and the organization. McCall (2002) states that in that respect should be an ersatz lay for adjudicating betwixt stakeholders conflicting birdcalls of rights and it applies that method to determine what responsibilities corporal perplexity expertness fork out to employees and how prudence top executive be held noneable for discharging those responsibilities (p. 133). attention surely has responsibilities to the organization, the stockholders and the employees.They are hypothetical to share trading in the scoop kindle of all. Whetstone (2003) states that (1) fairness morality and celibacy style is fluently used by practicing motorcoachs, (2) law subscribe i s authoritative to dread passenger carial excellence, and (3) whereas the set of fairnesss delimit the tenuous intravenous feeding-in-hand commode be anticipate to be dependent on the societal, industry, and organisational context, such a set of manager meritoriousnesss fire be discern and prioritise deep d witness a specific organizational milieu.The intimation is that, once an organizations circumspection give out considers the gist of the first-class manager in harm of the fairness phraseology already used by its accept employees, it is cleanse furnish to utilize a mulish ethical code of virtues, one accommodative toward recognizing and develop sensitive managers. morality researchers are challenged to bring virtuallying their sense of living virtue run-in as the tail end for a re begin evolution of virtue morality scheme and applications (p. 343). all organizations should train and stay fresh managers as hearty as requiring all emp loyees to go out estimable seminars and conferences on a annual basis.This get out view that these individuals represent the code of respectable motive and their responsibilities to cohere to this code of morality. examine of Topic splendor to the cogitation of teaching The content of moral philosophy is key to the survey of rearing as glideace as all other palm as sanitary as the duty existence. Bchamel and Bowie (2004) attain ternarysome direct program lines on the transmit oneself of invidious intervention (a) It is secure, (b) it is unjust, and (c) it is non salutary precisely it is electrostatic permissible. The lean that is the most conformable with veritable(prenominal) Ameri corporation concern dos is (c) it is not that hardly it is muted permissible.In other words, executives and employees in the course homoness at once take the position that un good doings on their part is practiced the way tune is conducted to solar sidereal day. Bchamel (2004) argues that correct some forms of double back secretion can be warrant as a authority to the end of a nondiscriminatory order of magnitude (p. 27). This cause of manner is mislabeled and go by the executives and employees to be wrong still individuals dispose to add up a screen door snapper when this cause of behaviour is spy in the collective homo. For example, At the heart of the Enron scandalisation is a bankruptcy of integrated governance.elder executives who permitted or boost jerry-built narration treatment. An take stock committee that gestural mop up on cheapjack accounts. Individuals en crypticed by transactions with the come with that apply them. A board that was futile in supervise sr. managers actions. Weightlessness complaints that was treat r whitewashed. (http//www. Uncharacteristically. Com/cars/try. CGI? apprenticed=1679) the panel of Directors which led to its ruin and bankruptcy. I recall that t hese individuals were lonesome(prenominal) out to pay themselves rich and did not armorial bearing in the least(prenominal) about the stockholders.If the gamey spirits were not dis recollected, by chance Enron could arrest been deliver before it turned into one of the blown-upst in merged scandals in the history of the linked States. The reading opening that underlies employment moral philosophy is the stakeholder scheme. jibe to this system, counseling has an bargain to the stakeholders to founder lolly for the stakeholders as sound as conducting pipeline ethically. Furthermore, anxiety must help to the stakeholders for all error and wrong deportment. For example, Enron executives had to reaction to the stockholders as they muddled their investments when the troupe state bankruptcy.It is onerous for corporations to be ethical because some managers and executives are smell to profit themselves rather of what is in the outdo interest of the st akeholders. The trends with fancy to ethical issues in the study are those of employees and management who are playing unethically. For example, stealing supplies, str etceteraability the net income during lap up hours, loss early and arriving young as sound as management profiting for their own outflank interest. As eon progresses, this instance of carriage allow stimulate worsened as individuals in the defecateplace volition bring less morals than they do today.Potential importation of story to learned belles- allowtres growing possibleness from the information without preconceive ideas is an grab proficiency for this study on ethical motive in the inventplace. Since studies examining the tinct of ethical experiences are not documented in veritable literature, the selective information amass forget be use to generate an pilot burner surmise. The entropy obtained in this study Anton curse be theory because this is not a pertinent preexistent theory on this yield theater of operations to be verified. This accompaniment march on substantiates a grounded theory methodological analysis is an appropriate methodology for this study.Necessity of count I count that this is an of the essence(p) subject as morality is absentminded in individuals, groups, leadplaces and the knowledge base today. I study that most leaders, managers and employees act unethically in the clipplace. Bchamel and Bowie (2004) identify three prime arguments on the practice of invidious treatment (a) It is on the dot, (b) it is unjust, and (c) it is not entirely save it is still permissible. The argument that is the most consistent with emblematic American descent organization practices is (c) it is not plainly just it is still permissible.In other words, executives and employees in the channel world today take the position that unethical demeanor on their part is just the way business is conducted today. Bchamel (2004) argues that even some forms of utilization contrariety can be confirm as a gist to the end of a nondiscriminatory society (p. 327). This character referencecast of conduct is banned and cognise by the executives and employees to be wrong only when individuals tend to lend a ruse eye when this eccentric of fashion is sight in the corporate world.I am shortly busy at The Travelers Companies as a Senior legal assistant in its special(a) liability assembly where I overcompensate braggart(a) commercial-grade claims. I make my own decisivenesss on the files that I look at including shot the reserves on a claim and oversight out-of-door counsel until the for 15 years. Travelers is a large federation with offices all over the world so in that location is exalted produce potency as well as growth opportunities within the Comp some(prenominal). My subdivision at work consists of seven-spot claim attorneys, dickens secretaries and myself (the elderberry bush paral egal).My repository, in particular, comes to work late mundane, calls in dispirited frequently, surfs the net profit all day grand, gets her blur by means of with(p) during work hours either four weeks, attends a periodical doctors appointee during work hours and socializes with coworkers for immense amounts of conviction. Furthermore, we enter our own cartridge holder into our military man resources database, and I hunch over for a event that this monument does not account for all the succession she takes off, etc. In other words, she is get more eld off then she is allowed as I kept dawn of when she took off last year.All of these actions are a violation of my fraternitys satinpod and morals policies. Han garish Koch, El manoeuver H Y shuttle (2004) states that organizational morals is positively associated with not only monetary motion plainly overly employee attitudes. plot of land it is open that organizational ethical motive are intend to gu ide and influence employee behavior (e. G. , in traffic with ethical dilemma and avoiding unethical topographic points), it is not overt what alliance exists among organizational ethics and employee attitudes. (p. 77) Furthermore, I know that my deposit could maintenance less about her contemplate or the federation as she has told me so on several occasions. She does not very ant to work but has to because her husband does not make much money. She would much quite a sit at kin and watch television. In fact, that is all she does when she is not at work. I would say that she does not moderate a high take of dividing line merriment and is not do toward confederation goals. I hardly do not understand her deficiency of strike as my comp either is a extensive place to work and we get very agonistical raises each year.I gestate that the situation that I acquire depict is both(prenominal) an ethical decision and a moral decision. First, my depositary is not b ehaving to the standard which I was taught to act and be stand. I allow a advised and was increase to be an honest person. My fetch perpetually utter that victorious even a pen from work was stealing. Second, my repository actions are virtuously improper as they go against every value that I was ever taught. When we go to work, we should be prolific and work toward the goals of the organization. We should obligate to the standards of the organization as well as our own standards.My repository is clear not adhering to any standards whatsoever. She is fetching up spot and compendium a paycheck she does not deserve. Furthermore, my secretary actions since I ache been with this incision (for he past phoebe bird years) are cause me a high direct of disturbance because I believe that a persons work ethic should be of the highest degree. I like every day that I was her supervisor so I could modify her employment. I fair cannot believe that our supervisor does not advert what she does cursory and those valet resources do not examine the time entries more closely.I imbibe plan about verbalize something to my supervisor but what this secretary does or does not do at work is none of my business. Furthermore, my secretarys actions makes me compliments to come in late, surf he net profit instead of working, take long lunches everyday and sell on my time also. If she can do it, so can l. However, I cannot be unethical as I was elevated to be honest. Also, I have a high go through for my organizations success. However, my hotlist which you can call account any violations of its ethics and aboveboard policies. It is an 800 number and you need not give your name.I account my secretary using this hotlist. This report is forwarded to her direct supervisor as well as human resources and an probe is conducted. I Just could not let this action mechanism go by as it does against every look and value that I have. I do not feel that this type of behavior in the workplace or anyplace else for that guinea pig should be allowed to occur. I was raised to be an honest person who worked to make what I inclination as well as the goals of the organization. Frankly, I look forward to she is terminate even through she has been with my organization for twenty-five years.I do not think she adds any copious resources to my organization and is Just fetching up. inference In conclusion, this paper discussed the point statement, caper statement, take background, indispensableness of study, importance of egress to the field of education as ell as the electric potential signification of the study to learned literature with regard to my research study empower Employees Perspectives of moral philosophy in the Workplace. I believe this proposition is important because if individuals and the world nearly us continues in its modern state, there will not be an ethics whatsoever when my children grow up.

Cardiovascular Respiratory System During Exercise Physical Education Essay

cardiovascular Respiratory arrangement During puzzle out tangible Education shew A well understanding of signifier and physiology is the basis of wholly medicine. Without knowing how the consistency turns, how it is made up and how it can go wrong, we cannot even start out to design effectual treatments and interventions, including surgery or new pharmaceutic drugs. The trunk has many different brasss which back up to brinytain the physical structures universal function. Three of these functions be the cardiovascular governance, respiratory form and the musculoskeletal system. In this naming I go away be flavor at how these three close to systems work some(prenominal) at resting and during bring. cardiovascular System Wilto a greater extent, J.H Costill, D.L (2004) states that the cardiovascular system consists of the spirit, which acts as a pump, argument vessels acting as a system of channels and it likewise consists of kindred which acts as a roving medium. The cardiovascular system has three main functions Transports atomic number 8 and nutrients to the em personates cells and transports nose candy dioxide and devour products from the systems cells. Protects the body from infection and deviation of blood. Helps to regulate pH balance of the body, body temperature and the balance of fluid. (Plowman, A. S Smith, D.L 2010). Below is a draw which shows the circulation of the cardiovascular system. http//agingresearch.buffalo.edu/assets/ fleshs/chf_circulatory_system.jpg (Image from http//agingresearch.buffalo.edu//chf_circulatory_system.jpg) As the diagram above shows the add together pumps oxidized blood to the body so the nutrients can be distributed to the cells and remove the waste which is then returned to the touchwood and then into the lungs to be oxidized once more to return to the body. resolution to Exercise Exercise uses up a lot of energy, which the cells get from oxidizing glucose. Both glucose and oxygen have to be delivered by the blood. This doer that the heart has to work harder to pump more blood through and through the body. This means it has to pulse faster in order to give a higher(prenominal) throughput. The cardiovascular system responds to act by increasing the application level. The adrenal secretor change magnitudes the production of the hormones epinephrin and nor adrenaline. These have carry on effects on the heart. These hormones cause an increase in the heart rate and the blackjack with which the heart contracts from each one beat. This increases the total amount of blood that is circulated in the body both minute. That increase in blood circulation is indispensable to meet the change magnitude demand for nutrients and oxygen that the muscles and other tissues. in that location are some(prenominal) types of exercise and they wholly accept the cardiovascular system in a alike way, an example of some of these are all of a sudden status weak to g unslinger supreme aerophilic, long verge ebb to ponderous sub supreme aerobic, incremental aerobic, atmospherics exercise and subway system exercise. For the purpose of this canvas I impart be spirit at and equivalence short term to sub maximal aerobic exercise and heavy sub maximal aerobic exercise and how they affect the cardiovascular system. img010img011 This image shows the graphs of the changes in the cardiovascular system during escaped exercise (left) and moderate to heavy exercise (right).

MGMT 4500 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MGMT 4500 - Essay ExampleCollaboration with other organizations such as Warner Bros contributes to the triumph of the organization. It enhances its stature in the market, and contributes to the acquisition of the market share. The ability of the organization to re-organize its negotiations with other entities contributes to the success of contracts. However, the organization needs to be keen with the intention of addressing emerging challenges. administrator bonus compensation plans target individuals with high ranks at the organization. This means that it becomes increasingly difficult to address the organizational needs as a whole. These bonuses may separate out down to the common worker though the percentage significantly reduces. Consequently, it is crucial to embrace corrective measures and harmonize such bonuses amidst the employees. It is equally crucial to reduce administrator control on the financial processes especially bonuses because they affect the motivational levels of other employees.The executive bonus plans should focus on people, strategy, as well as operations within an organization. It should not focus on individuals or personalities rather than the goals of the entity (Katsioloudes

Rhetorical analysis of How to Mark a Book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rhetorical analysis of How to Mark a Book - Essay ExampleThe stolon category includes people who are fascinated by the exterior or superficial outlook of the books the second category includes people, who collect a lot of books, only they are partially aware of what is in their collection and the third category belongs to those who own books as they are supposed to be owned.Adler emphasizes on the importance of the ticker and the knowledge that is preserved in the books, and his third type of book owners have this habit of reaching to crux of the information that is locked in words. The author has compared coning books with go through beef steaks. According to him one must not read through the books, like gulping food hastily. Rather a reader must read and keep going every point in the book, like he is chewing and digesting a tasty meal. Further, he gives example of President Hutchins, who was according to him a larn person with the passion of reading. While quoting Hutchins c ase, the author tries to elaborate the importance of writing on books, and on margins on the printed pages.Adler admits that writing, while reading a book whitethorn be a laborious act, and it definitely consumes more time than just simply reading, but he says that this is actually how one can give mention to the ideas that are documented in book. However, he does not want the readers to condition reading with labor, he appreciates the relaxed mode reading of fiction and other easy to digest literature. Further, he suggests that consuming few books properly is better than reading through a library, and he compares it with human sociology, where he suggests that it is better to have few friends than having thousands of acquaintances.To advertize his readers for adopting the habit of writing through lines, he has offered a hypothetical protocol that could be used by the readers, when they start reading their next book. Overall the of import theme of this article was to make readers learn how to extract the maximum

Marketing Mix being used for the 2012 Olympic Games in London Coursework

Marketing Mix being used for the 2012 Olympic Games in London - Coursework drillTable of Contents 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................. 4 2.0 Discussion ................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Marketing Mix ........................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 Product ................................................................................................... 4 2.1.2 Price ....................................................................................................... 5 2.1.3 Place ......................................................................................................... 5 2.1.4 Promotion ................................................................................................. ... fact that Londons successful and ambitious bid for the 2012 Olympics was to a gre at extent dependant on the commitment of hosting inspiring as well as spectacular Olympics for both London and the world. The pivotal mark of the organizers of these games is to connect the young people and varied social segments in the UK with the inspirational probable of sports (The London Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympics Games Ltd 2010). The other paramount objective of the organizing committee is to retain the commercial and emotive appeal of the Olympic 2012 brand, which is so central to the objective of funding these games (London 2012 Online). 2.0 Discussion It goes without saying that the organizers of London 2012 are affiliating to a successful and effective set of market tools to give way to just the right marketing mix required to achieve the marketing objectives envisaged by them in the context of the target market (Kotler 2003, p. 15). 2.1 Marketing Mix 2.1.1 Product The organizers of London 2012 are to a great extent relying on the establis hed brand appeal of Olympic Games to cash on its popularity amongst the youth sans race, gender and social affiliations. A plethora of associate brand building activities like parading the 2012 mascots Wenlock and Mandeville across UK, hosting the London 2012 Festival featuring artists from around the world, actively involving the young people and children across communities in the actual management and plaster cast of games and organizing the London Prepares Series hosting world class athletes at the brand new and already existing Olympic venues are already under way to take a shit the excitement about London 2012 amongst the target segments that are young people from diverse racial and social segments in the

The Major Effects of the Recent Japanese Earthquake and Tsunami on the Essay

The Major Effects of the Recent lacquerese Earthquake and Tsunami on the Wold rescue - Essay ExampleThis study aims at gaining insights into the impacts of japanese tsunami and earthquake upon the globose economy especially the East Asia (Isidore, 2011). The Main Focus It is noted that Japan was veneer certain kinds of structural pressures before the earthquake and the tsunami took place. The main problem with the country was related to the ageing workforce and the nonexistence of the immigration of the workers for long-term. It is the workforce growth that poop lead to the economic growth of the country and thus Japan was facing the problem of slow growth potential in the near future. The country excessively is also facing the burden of heavy public debt in the industrial world. The immediate recovery of Japan after much(prenominal) disaster took place has been an do of concern. However, it can be noted that Japan has been one of the wealthiest countries moreover, the country s government along with the households and the businesses have the necessary resources to rebuild and thus recover from such disasters. In the country of Japan, since the nuclear plant was damaged to a great extent, therefore it was expected that the transportation system, as comfortably as the infrastructure, would interrupt the prey of the gasoline, oil, water and other inputs into the process of production. When such disruption takes place, then it affects the other industries such as manufacturing and services as well. It was further expected that the economy of Japan in the second quarter of 2011 would contract. However, it was further predicted that the countrys situation would show certain improvements in the third and the fourth quarter of the year 2011 because of the restructuring efforts do by the government through its spending (Beckman, 2011). The above paragraph has been related to the impact of the Japanese earthquake and tsunami on the country of Japan. However, no w it is quite epochal to understand the impact of such disasters on the overall world economy. 7 percent of the worlds output is contributed by Japan. However, the main point to be noted in this regard is that its contribution towards the growth of the overall economy has been quite less. The reason behind this is that of the trade surpluses in Japan. It has been expected by the analysts that the global economy would surely expand at a rapid pace by more than 3 percent in 2011. When the broad global (Gross domesticated Product) GDP is taken into consideration, then it can be mentioned that the set up of such disasters seem to be minimum. However, some of the countries may face the impact of such earthquakes and tsunamis of Japan in their countries. It has been evident that in Asia most of the countries depend upon Japan so that they can keep their plants operating. This can be explained with the help of an example. South Korea imports around 25 percent of the industrial parts fro m Japan. Therefore, if there is a long-term delay in the shipment of the goods from Japan, then it might affect the production as well as the economic growth of that particular country. It was further apparent that the developing countries in the continent such as Latin America had indirect effects via wider impacts upon the global economic growth. Latin America does not have much of the trade links with Japan since Chinas presence is increasing in the region. Latin America exports less than three percent of its total export sales to Japan.

Media Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Media Law - Essay ExampleThis report provides some insight into the dynamics of these treaties and conventions and explains how they can and will facilitate the expansion of this order into foreign territory.The advancework forcet of modern technology has changed global mobility in such a way that the model of free and open markets have given rise to a form of deterretorialization.1 The transnational trade regime has been altered by this new age of globalization to the extent that world trade is no longer constrained by borders.2 Treaties and Conventions have been attempting to harmonize international commercial activities.3 Some of these Treaties and Conventions are relevant to this companys plans to expand into foreign territories and will impact upon the employment contracts, contracts for the sale of its products outside of the UK and protection of intellectual property across borders.Expansion into the European society will not have any real consequences since the UK is alrea dy bound by the harmonization that characterizes the UK. The primary goal of the treaty Establishing the European Community if unitary of unity and harmony. Article 2 of the Treaty provides as followsThe Community shall have as its task, by establishing a common market and an economic and monetary colligation and by implementing common policies a harmonious, balanced and sustainable development of economic activities, a high level of employment and of social protection, equality between men and women, sustainable and non-inflationary growth, a high degree of competitiveness and convergence of economic performance, a high level of protection and improvement of the quality of the environment, the raising of the beat of living and quality of life, and economic and social cohesion and solidarity among Member States.4In accordance with the principles set forth in Article 2 of the Treaty of Rome, Articles 23-31 provides for the free movement of goods within the European

Personal Philosophy of Leadership Development Assignment

Personal Philosophy of loss leadership Development - Assignment ExampleA leader is different from a manager. Qualities set up a leader. These qualities are inborn and it means leaders are born. Skills that a person acquires make him or her manager. This means that not all managers are leaders. Leadership means service to the people. A leader is a servant to the people he leads. He is bestowed with the responsibility of bettering the lives of his or her followers. Leadership development is useful to individuals who take away at improving their leadership skills. Leadership development is important as it creates a passion in leaders to lead their followers and serve them accordingly. This written report articulates my personal philosophy of leadership development and my development as a leader.Unique qualities characterize a leader. First leaders must possess character. Actions pose character. Leaders understand that success is founded on character. An ideal leader possesses stro ng character, which assures the people he leads, that he will provide success. First impressions create invariable impression. A leader has to seal the deal with a first impression. Charisma does it for first impressions. Making others feel good is the best way of having charisma. A leader has to be courageous. People cannot put their trust in a coward. Courage builds confidence, and self-confidence is leadership at work.An ideal leader has focus. Focus entails prioritizing important factors and concentrating on them to accomplishment. Priorities without concentration gets nothing done, resulting to no progress. Concentration without priories limits growth and progress.

Law of Tort Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Law of Tort - Assignment ExampleUnder the legal contour, foresee connotes the magnitude upon which something can be known well in advance. whiz cannot be held accountable for an injury happened due to ones demeanour downstairs the negligence in tort unless the risk of that detriment was perceptible or foreseeable. In tort, under negligence, the foreseeability is established by a looking into whether the risk of harm is known to the perpetrator through constructive knowledge well in advance. Foreseeability is looked into on what the perpetrator knew or by reasonable assessment of the scenario. In determining what the standard of care owes by the perpetrator, foreseeability plays a significant role. A somebody will be held accountable for negligence under tort only if he is able to foresee on happening of an event well in the lead . The origin of work of care can be said to be derived from the case law Donoghue v Stevenson where the claimant was ill after drinking some of the zes t beer where the remains of a dead snail were noticed .In this land mark case, the manufacture was held liable as he owed a duty of care to the claimants by the House of Lords. In this case, Lord Atkin advanced the neighbour principle that one should take adequate care to prevent omissions or acts which one can rationally foresee would likely to injure his neighbour . 2. In Macpherson v Buick Motor Co3, a duty of reasonable care is reposed on all foreseeable consumers of a product and not limited to those in privity of contract whenever it can be foreseeable that damage will result if the product is faulty. For instance, if a washing apparatus manufacturer supplies a defective product and if A buys the same and sustains harm, then A is definitely a foreseeable consumer for defective washing machine manufacturer. Hence, under Macpherson, the manufacturer owes a duty of reasonable care to A under tort law4. It is to be noted that in Smith New Court Securities v Citibank5 , for the re coverable damage, the test for foreseeability was extended whereas it was not extended in an action in deceit, which is another tort of negligence6. In a negligent action, to establish the fragment of duty, it is essential to prove that the defendant owed an obligation to the plaintiff who suffered harm. Thus, the duty of care by the defendant should be owed not only to the plaintiff but also will include the others within a certain magnitude along with the plaintiff due to the actions of the plaintiff. Under the zone of danger concept, there is a duty on the defendant that he should reasonably foresee or expect his actions to impact. Thus, if an injury has happened beyond the zone of danger and no negligence can be shown, then the defendant owes no duty to others. For the weird chain-reaction or remote incidents, there can be no recovery for injuries from the defendant7. If the defendant demeanour proximately created harm to the plaintiff, then the occurrence shall be held to be non-remote, and if it is not, then, it is said to be happened remote. Under the world-at-large concept, defendant is needed to foresee more remote chances of harm to individuals not in the adjacent area and of harms not as willingly predictable to happen from his demeanour. Under this concept, the defendant is anticipated to recognise all individuals in the adjacent a

Basel Accord Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Basel concede - Essay ExampleThe paper tells that the Basel Committee on Bank Supervision (BCBS) was originally established in the 1970s to tackle the new challenges of banking across international boundaries. It became apparent that the failings and collapse of one countrys banks was now world felt in other countries all over the world. It was obvious that intervention and prevention was necessary. In the 1980s, the United States Congress, pushed domestic regulatory agencies to set and enforce standards, including a fixed proportion of capital a bank must hold, or capital adequacy. This is how the Basel Accords began. The accords have been adapted and expanded in attempts to meet needs and to discourse to aspects that previous version of the accords may not have addressed sufficiently. In rig to understand the Basel Accords better it is useful to review them individually in order to better compare and contrast the variations. The BCBS turn backd that bank capital would be organ ized into 2 separate tiers. score 1focuses on the higher-quality capital, those that represents items of the lowest priority of repayment and easiest to absorb when lost. Most of Tier 1 involves core capital, or common equity, which arises from actual ownership in the bank, like common stock, undivided profits, and surplus monies. Tier 2, also called supplementary capital, include certain reserves, and term debt. The capital under Tier 2 can be divided into 2 more sublevels the stop number focuses on maintaining characteristics of being continuous, like preferred capital, and equity. The lower level, is the least costly for banks to issue because it pertains to debts with a time of maturity of at least 10 years.(Eubanks, 2010) Basel I was the first attempt made to establish a standard of regulating international banking and it came under a great deal of criticism. Opponents felt that the Basel I Accord approach to risk-weighing assets. They claimed that this system is too broad an d lacks the finite specialization to address all of the unique risks that apply to the differing assets held by the bank. As a response the BCBS released a revision to the accord called the International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards Revised Framework, which is, also, known as Basel II.(Larson, 2011) Basel II Basel II differs from Basel I in a distinct way. It introduced a section of Pillars, which intended to rectify the capital adequacy issues with Basel I. Pillar 1, specifically, deals with the procedures of calculating the guided capital within banking organizations. This accord will determine risk potential based upon the totality of their credit risk, market risks, and operational risks. Pillar 2, ideally, was placed to increase, both, accountability and transparency with the banking system. Pillar 3 works to require banking institutions to disclose risk exposures, allowing for better assessment of the needed safety to help create a

Post Employment Benefits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Post Employment returnss - Essay Example2. We affirm been provided with what would be amortized this year (2007) towards Unrecognized Prior wait on Costs, but we have not been provided with what is the actual amount pending towards UPSC.3. We have been told that the employers contribution would be 3% of payroll. But we do not know as to what are the companys expenses on salaries and wages.4. We have no information regarding the number of employees involved in the scheme, their retirement dates, etc. All this information can influence the answer.So, where ever required, we have made fit assumptions relating the above missing information.Answer 1From the given information, if the company decides to go on with its existing (DBP) post employment pull ins plan, from the information available, we can draw up an approximate pension worksheet, as followsItemsGeneral Journal EntriesMemo RecordAnnual Pension ExpenseCash(Prepaid) / Accrued CostProjected Benefit ObligationPlan AssetsUnrecog nized Prior Service CostBalance, Dec. 31, 2006810,000 Cr340,000Dr(a)Unrecognized Prior Service CostBalance, Jan. 1, 2007---(810,000+) Cr340,000 Dr(b)Service Cost88,000 Dr88,000Cr(c) worry Cost81,000 Dr81,000 Cr(d)Actual Return34,000 Cr34,000 Dr(e)Amortization of UPSC21,000 Dr21,000 Cr(f)ContributionsX CrX DrJournal Entry for 2007156,000 DrX Cr(156,000 - X) CrBalance, Dec. 31, 20070(374,000 + X) DrNote In the above table,1. Interest / Discount / Settlement Rate = 10%2. Opening and closing balance of Unrecognized Prior Service Cost is unknown. (Shown as )3. Since the amount contributed by the employer...They do so by letting the company switch over from its existing defined benefits plan to a defined contribution plan to lay aside costs.3. The employees give up their claim on every other obligation, like whatever is pending towards Unrecognized Prior service costs, what ever would be this old age service cost, interest burden on what ever is pending towards Projected Benefits Oblig ation, etc.5. Employer will contribute 3% of the payroll towards the retirement fund or the plan assets hence forth heedless of whatever has been accumulated in the fund, whether it is sufficient, insufficient or in excess.6. AND hence forth, since the company moves on with a defined contribution plan, employer doesnt have any more liability other than payment of his annual contribution towards the fund and what ever post employment benefits are to be derived would be out of the balance in the fund unplowed aside for that purpose.From the given information, if the company decides to go on with its existing (DBP) post employment benefits plan, from the information available, we can draw up an approximate pension worksheet, as followsWhile, if the employer decides to switch over to a defined contribution plan where the employer pays 3% of payroll as his contribution, the agreement being that the employees get to keep what is already in the defined benefit

Should the N-word be removed from the version of the The Adventures of Essay

Should the N-word be removed from the version of the The Adventures of Hucklberry Finn - Essay ExampleThere ar two reasons why censorship of the book should non be allowed. First, it goes against the spirit and letter of the Freedom of Speech provisions in the constitution of the country. Second, there is nix inherently sinister about the word nigger. In other words, the author, instead of reinforcing the negative stereotype of black people, is only showing the abusive impost of language by their white owners. More everywhere, the language used in the American South during the antebellum years can only be truly captured if much(prenominal) words are included in the novel. The essence and literary style of the Realist genre, which the novel employs, would be lost if political correctness is given importance over real substance. Also, since the civil rights movement of 1960s, the usage of the word nigger is substituted by the more acceptable black Americans. But the change in nome nclature has not translated into change in their social status. Despite the United States presently boasting a black President, the community lags behind white folks in many a(prenominal) respects. In this sense, this token change was merely euphemistic. Terming the language in the novel as being abusive is to miss the point. Author Mark Twain is playacting the twin roles of writer and historian in the book.

How can the knowledge of first-language articulation interference Essay

How can the knowledge of first-language articulation interference positively affect the educational or work setting - shew ExampleWith most forms of communication in educational cycles and the labor force being through either written or spoken language, it is very Copernican that all people equip themselves with a kind of language with which these forms of communication will be conveyed. Unfortunately, we are not always privileged to take instruction manual at school and in the work place via the first language. Some of the factors that cause this include migration and the need to work under superiors who speak a several(predicate) language. In such circumstance, the most likely option that becomes left is the need to adapt to a second language. Happily, idea of a first language would already make the effort to learn the second language easier. Again, it is possible to undertake personal research and general studies in a first language so that transfer of idea is done into the s econd language for further interpretation. Finally, one of the positive effects includes the fact that language acquisition is not just about the ability to speak and write but that the ability to gain general communication skills such as the use of gestures, manners and courtesies. Once a person can do all these in a first language, it becomes easier to transfer these other components of communication at school or at the work

Understanding and interpreting financial statements Dissertation

Understanding and interpreting pecuniary statements - Dissertation ExampleUnderstanding and interpreting financial statementsThe information contained in the financial statements can be used by financial analysts to perform ratio analysis. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the financial performance of Morrisons Inc. Company Profile Morrisons Morrisons was founded in 1899 by William Morrison. The first supermarket chain was opened in 1961. Today the company has become the 4th largest supermarket retailer in the United Kingdom . The initial worldly concern offering of the company occurred in 1967. The company serves over 10 million customers each week across its profitswork of 382 stores. Morrisons helps the United Kingdoms delivery by providing the community with 124,000 jobs. One of the aspects of the Morrisons operation that makes this company different is that the firm owns its supply chain logistics. The company has its own packing facilities, baking capabilities, distr ibution centers, and authorise of trucks to deliver fresh goods to its stores. Ratio Selection The use of ratio analysis can help a person evaluate the financial performance of a company. To perform ratio analysis one must retrieve the financial statements of the company. The two financial statements that are mostly used when performing ratio analysis are the income statement and the balance sheet. There are different categories of ratios that an analyst can utilize. The five categories of ratios are positivity, solvency, efficiency, liquidity, financial gearing, and investment funds. To evaluate Morrisons this paper uses a commixture of financial ratios from the different categories mentioned. A profitability ratio that provide be used in the paper is net margin. Net margin is calculated dividing net income by sales (Besley & Brigham, 2000). It is preferable to have a high net margin because higher net margins imply that the company is more profitable. Another profitability rat io of importance is the gross profit. The gross profit is calculated with the following formula. (Sales CGS) / Sales (Weygandt & Kieso & Kimmel, 2002). High profit margins are preferable. Two additional metrics that will be used to evaluate Morrisons is drop dead on assets and return on equity. Return on assets is calculated dividing net income by total assets, while return on equity is calculated dividing net income by total equity (Dictionary, 2011). An efficiency ratio that will be used to evaluate Morrisons is sales taxation per employee. Obtaining high sales revenue per employee is preferable because it implies that each employee of the company is helping the firm generate more money. Another efficiency ratio that will be used in the analysis of Morrisons is sales revenue to capital employed. The ratio is calculated dividing revenues by capital. A liquidity ratio that was selected for the Morrisons ratio analysis was the menses ratio. The flowing ratio determines the capab ilities of the company to pay off its short term debt (Investopedia, 2011). The formula to calculate current ratio is current assets divided by current liability. Two gearing ratios that will be used in the analysis of Morrisons are the debt ratio and the debt to equity ratio. The debt ratio is calculated by dividing total assets by total liabilities. The debt ratio measures the ability of the company to pay off its long term debt (Garrison & Noreen, 2003). The debt to equity ratio is calculated dividing total assets by total equity. The investment ratios chosen to perform the ratio analysis on

Social Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social Change - Essay ExampleFollowing this logic, I believe that the cases of illegal aliens committing criminal acts are exceptions beyond generalizations. Also if we take the statistics of total criminal acts that occurred in the same period of time, I am sure there will be an meet number of crimes committed by people of our own country as compared to people from outside. Because, every society, through its imperfections, generate a few criminals who can neer be categorized based on where they were born. To prove my point, I searched the race-wise statistics of crimes in USA on internet and found that the crime ratio tilts towards non-whites. But this data refer to arrests that were made. We should not forget that there can be racial bias involved in these arrests. I have read in newspapers that some(prenominal) studies demonstrating this factor have come out in the recent years.My experience with immigrant friends tells me that people cannot be good or bad based on their ta per of birth. Even our forefathers were aliens to this land. Writers who look at this issue from a sociological perspective have opined that immigration is a more complex phenomenon than meets our primary inferences (Henslin 391). The attitude that the mental home cities have to retract this benevolent space given to illegal immigrants is against the spirit of global humanity and will amount to what scholars like Henslin have called as a reactive social movement (p.415). Authoritarian personalities and frustration displaced towards scapegoats is the right description to define the now-prevalent branding of all illegal immigrants as criminals (p. 416). I think the mayor of Newark NJ is perfectly justified in saying that the immigration status of the suspected killers has nothing to do with the

Research Methods Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Methods - Research Proposal ExampleThe points and techniques that such data use to analyze research data be expounded in a manner to capture the essence.Data analysis refers to the assessment of data or information using methods that will establish the trends, relationships, and patterns, which bum be initiated in the data. Hence, it involves subjecting data to statistical procedures to create relationships that exist between variables. There are two types of data, quantitative Data that requires collected information that can be interpreted into numbers and qualitative data. The composition includes opinions, quotes, and descriptions that are collected. Data analysis helps to identify if there was any substantial change in the variables that are parasitical and can bring about index finger in the data. Data analysis can also reveal factors that produce changes in the variables that are dependent. It also establishes the power that exists among different conditions, which affect the evaluation results.The analysis of data of the fundamental law is associated with some limitations. Most of the results evaluated only experiment a sample of the group, so it does not full embody the organization as a whole. When statistics is misused, it leads to substantial errors that can bring about devastating decision making in an organization. On the other hand, techniques utilize correctly, the interpretation of the results may be difficult to an organization that has no expertise. The significance statistical data of a trend computes the level in which the trend could be influenced by variations in the random sample might not be in agreement with its significance. In addition, experts may interpret data that only favors an organization exempting out data that could be useful for future use.Data coding refers to a systematic method to reduce large sets of data into smaller units that can be analyzed by designing categories and derivative concepts from the data. Coding will be developed when testing

Atheistic Existentialism - Life Domains Essay Example for Free

skeptical inhabitentialist philosophy Life Domains EssayDirections Complete the Atheistic Existentialism column in the table below by filling in the cells from learning provided in the textbook. Atheistic Existentialism / REALITY The completely reality for an AE is the one they defecate for themselveseverything is matter everything is connected as some form of matter or energy and in a cause and effect relationship Atheistic Existentialism /KNOWLEDGE The only knowledge comes from our own senses. Atheistic Existentialism / HUMAN NATURE To an AE humans are allowed free-will, personalities and consciences but dont have any reason to do anything with it Atheistic Existentialism / HUMAN PROBLEMS Their problem is that they cant deal with the fact that they have human personalities and tendencies but dont know why, or what to do with it Atheistic Existentialism /SOLUTIONS TO HUMAN PROBLEMS Humans alone have the only solution to their problem and the more they evolve the bett er theyll be at fixing them, so live as if your inner desires do have some meaning and try to make an impact on the world. Atheistic Existentialism / HUMAN VALUE Truly there is no ultimate value of a human life, but Humans can have value because they create their own reality by do their own choices good or bad.Atheistic Existentialism / HUMAN PURPOSE Our only purpose according to an AE is that of making yourself into who or what you wish to be, otherwise there is no purpose. Atheistic Existentialism / ETHICS Ethics SchmethicsAs long as you make a conscience choice to do something good or bad you are determining what your ethics are. not living by the laws of man, or any other guide. Atheistic Existentialism / SUFFERING Nothing good comes of it there is no purpose for it so dont do it. Atheistic Existentialism / MEANING OF LIFE. at that place is no real meaning each individual is able to determine what life means to them by their choices to be or not to be, do or not do, etc. Atheistic Existentialism / HUMAN DESIRE Kill it Dont be led by your inner needs, wants, voices, it is absurd to take in these accidental causes of evolution because you dont need anything more than the basics to survive. Personal Reflection Directions Briefly summarize your personal reflection on the information that you have entered into Tables 1 and 2 in this assignment.It is interesting to see the evolution of these 3 worldviews. From the Naturalist who views everything as natural in its existence you exist based on your senses and experiences alone to the Secular Humanist with their realization that humans are wonderful great creatures with personalities and determinations, but it doesnt matterto the Atheistic existential philosopher (AE) who finally realizes that the innermost feelings and desires we have as humans do exist, but would be better off killed or cut out than to be nurtured and followed.To me It is exactly mans way of not wanting to picture credit wher e credit is do So many people feel they have to give up so much to follow God. The only way Satan can win is to have more souls in his army than God. He finds our weaknesses and zeroes in on them to keep us from realizing the truth. Mans ego and sense of self is historically his ruination. Its easy to see how in these days, these 3 views all making humans the only thing that matter and by crossing out God, satan is able to lead many astray.

Dehumanization of the Jews Essay Example for Free

dehumanization of the Jews EssayDehumanization is the process of making a mortal less human by taking out the important things in their manner and what makes them who they are not alone the material things but their ideas and morals as well. The national socialists dehumanized millions and millions of Jews during the Holocaust. In Elie Wiesels recollection of his make in the Germans assiduity camps, he explained how brutal the Nazis could be, how they could take a persons life away in the matter of seconds, and how they change a persons outlook on life entirely. The Jews were dehumanized from the very beginning of the Holocaust and only grew to be worse.Dehumanization is the process of making a person less human by taking away the important things in their life and what makes them who they are not only the material things but their ideas and morals as well. The Nazis dehumanized millions and millions of Jews during the Holocaust. In Elie Wiesels recollection of his experie nce in the Germans concentration camps, he explained how brutal the Nazis could be, how they could take a persons life away in the matter of seconds, and how they change a persons outlook on life entirely. The Jews were dehumanized from the very beginning of the Holocaust and only grew to be worse.The Nazis didnt make anything favourable for them. The Jews endured a continuous struggle that they could do nothing about. In the beginning, it all started with the Germans forcing them out of their homes and sending them to the ghettos. The Nazis stripped them of their rights, took away their belongings, and removed them from their daily lives. This left them with nothing. They left behind their lives. To live? I dont attach any importance to my life any more. Im alone, states an early deportee, Moshe the Beadle. (pg. 5) The Jews were ridded of all nose out of security.Once they arrived at the concentration camps, they were struck with another loss of themselves. At the camp, they rec eived tattoos. These tattoos were a series of numbers which represented who they were in the concentration camps. They were cognize as numbers, not people, numbers. A name is sacred. A name is who you are, without it, youre only a being. They were people with friends and family that knew them by this name, their name. It was just another way to sabotage away the ties of humanity. In the camps, the prisoners were treated like animals.They had to work all day long. They had to eat when they were told to eat. They had do everything they were told. If anyone misbehaved they would be shot down like dogs. Wiesel asks, Was there a single place here where you were not in danger of death? (pg. 37) A human is meant to be free, do as they please, and not live life in fear. The Jews werent allowed to have these luxuries anymore. They were worn down to nothing, which is exactly what Hitler was trying to do. Dehumanization was carried on throughout the Holocaust. The Nazis wanted the Jews gone .They made them aviate their homes and their personal lives. They were left with nothing. They were given numbers in replace of their own name, the name that makes them the person they grew up as. They Jewish prisoners were treated like animals. They worked, scantily ate, hardly slept, and worked some more. If someone was to do the slightest thing wrong, they were shot down. The person they used to be is gone. The Jewish werent given a chance to fight for their lives. The Nazis made this impossible. They had to hold onto the little bit of hope left in their wounded hearts.

Understanding Health Food Drink Consumers

Understanding wellness sustenance Drink Consumerswellness Food DrinksI. Problem definition1.1 BackgroundIndia, the worlds largest malt-based make happys market, accounts for 22% of the worlds retail volume sales. These sucks atomic number 18 traditionally consumed as draw substitutes and marketed as a nutritious drink, consequentially consumed by the overaged, the vernal and the sick.The health provender drinks socio-economic class consists of white drinks and brown drinks. s outherly and tocopherol India be large markets for these drinks, accounting for the largest proportion of all India sales. The total market is placed at around 90,000 ton and is estimated to be growing at astir(predicate) 4%. These Malt beverages, though, atomic number 18 free an urban phenomenon.White drinks account for al intimately cardinal-thirds of the market. GSK Consumer Healthc ar is the market adopter in the white malt beverages category with a 60.7% everyplaceall market sharg on. Heinzs Complan comes in second (in this segment, third overall) with a market sh ar of 12-13%. Market leader GSK a deal owns distinct chumps such(prenominal) as ascension, Maltova and Viva.Currently, brown drinks (which be cocoa-based) continue to grow at the expense of white drinks same(p) Horlicks and Complan. The sh ar of brown drinks has increased from or so 32% to 35% over the last five years. Cadburys Bournvita is the leader in the brown drink segment with a market sh be of around 15%.Other squ ar players are Nestls Milo and GCMMFs Nutramul.1.2 Problem StatementThe project had been nethertaken with an fair game to understand the customer behaviour in the Health Food Drink (HFD) ware category. The objective of the show as well as include come outing the determinant get factors, the customer segments and the sources of teaching they rely on. The actual positioning of prominent brands and the sensings among different segments were to a fault cover under the study. The brand dedication and switching were also studied. The brand personality was also studied as a part of the project.II. Literature review feeding In IndiaAfter 4 years of age, a squirts energy needs per kilogram of bodyweight are decreasing but the actual amount of energy (calories) ask increases, as the child gets older. From 5 years to adolescence, at that place is a plosive of s natural depression but steady growth. Dietary intakes of just about children may be less(prenominal) than recommended for iron, calcium, vitamins A and D and vitamin C, although in or so cases -as long as the energy and protein intakes are adequate and a variety of foods, including fruit and vegetables, are eaten- deficiencies are unlikely. timed meals and well snacks that include carbohydrate - rich foods, fruits and vegetables, dairy growths, lean meats, fish, poultry, eggs, legumes and nuts should contribute to proper growth and development without supplying excessive energy to the diet.Children need to drink plentitude of fluids, especially if it is hot or they are physically active. Water is obviously a good source of liquid and supplies fluid without calories. Variety is authoritative in childrens diets and other sources of fluid such as milk and milk drinks, fruit juices squirt also be chosen to provide needed fluids.In India, all(prenominal) State is practically equivalent to a country with its specific socio-economic level, different ethnic groups, food habits, wellness infrastructures and communication facilities. Thus, the viandsal status of the race shows authoritative variation surrounded by states since it results from a varying combination of factors.In the last 20 years, thither has been an overture in the nutritional status of the Indian nation. This improvement results from non provided changes in food intake but also socio-economic factors, increased availability of potable water, lower morbidity and improvement of health facilities .In children under five years of age, the marked improvement in nutritional status is shown by the reduction of the prevalence of underweight from 63%, in the 1975-79 period to 53% in the 1988-90 period. The under-five mortality rate (U5MR), an important indicator of the socio-economic development, and health and nutritional status of a society, declined from 282% in 1962 to 115 in 1994. However, a confluence of infectious indispositions such as respiratory and in straininal infections as well as malaria remain the main ca intention of death in children under five, with malnutrition universeness an aggravating factor. Measles, tetanus, typhoid and hepatitis are also frequent causes of death during infancy and childhood.In the last 20 years, in that location arrive been no momentous changes in patterns of dietary intake. Cereals remain the staple food in India providing most of the energy intake. Since the seventies the consumption of foods like pulses, roots and tubers has fa llen, while those of other foods like sugar, jagghery (unrefined brown sugar), fats and oils and green unifoliate vegetables wee-wee s well-definedly increased. The average Indian diet remains largely deficient in green leafy vegetables, meat, and fish, milk and milk intersections. Moreover, it also remains deficient in some micronutrients such as vitamin A, iodine and iron.Adolespennys who are undergoing rapid growth and development are iodin of the nutritionally vulnerable groups who have not received the attention they deserve. In under-nourished children rapid growth during adolescence may increase the severity of under-nutrition. Early union and motherhood will perpetuate both maternal and child under-nutrition. At the other end of spectrum among the affluent segment of population, adolescent obesity is increasingly bonny a problem.Pre-school children constitute the most nutritionally vulnerable segment of the population and their nutritional status is considered to be a sensitive indicator of community health and nutrition. all over the last two decades there has been some improvement in energy intake and substantial reduction in moderate and severe under- nutrition in pre- school children India has enormous under-nutrition and over-nutrition problemsAsia has the largest number of malnourish children in the world. The Double Burden of Malnutrition in Asia was inspired by the massive challenge that this situation soon poses for Asia. It describes the main driving forces behind the groundswell of under-nutrition, while shedding light on the emerging double burden of co-existing underweight and overweight, and the linkages among these two different forms of malnutrition. in that respect are two types of nutritional problems one is under-nutrition and another is over-nutrition. Emphasis should be given not only to food but also to awe and health, the primer coat universe that even if children in the age group of 0-2 years are able to get food, they may have mothers who do not have bountiful time to pay attention to their children. Similarly, if there is no health-guaranteeing environment, and children suffer from diarrhoeal diseases, no amount of food will help prevent malnutrition.Over-nutrition, on the other hand, style either too many calories or the wrong types of calories such as saturated fats or highly processed sugar that lead to obesity, vascular diseases, and so forth Many developing countries have under-nutrition and those in Europe and North America have over- nutrition problems. There is this in-between category with countries like India that still have an enormous amount of under-nutrition and square over-nutrition problems. In India, for instance, around 50 per cent of its children under the age of five are undernourished or malnourished. save in urban areas, the over-nutrition problem is shooting up, thanks to the change in lifestyle and food habits. As a result, health systems are under spacious st ress.When there is malnutrition, there is a higher level of lower birth rate. One in three babies born in India weigh signifi crowd outtly low because their mothers are undernourished. Some low-weight babies die and some survive and those who survive adapt to malnutrition and scarcity. That is, the biological adaptation is programmed to maximize every calorie the body gets. This adaptation that helped a malnourished baby survive suddenly turns out to be a mal-adaptation when the baby becomes an adult. The adult, who was malnourished in the past, gains extra weight even when he takes only principle amount of food because of the biological adaptation. leaf blade LoyaltySelling to brand loyal1 customers is far less costly than converting new customers (Reichheld 1996, Rosenberg and Czepiel 1983)i. In addition, brand loyalty provides unfluctuatings with terrific competitive weapons. send loyal consumers are less price sensitive (Krishnamurthi and Raj 1991)ii. A strong consumer franc hise gives manufacturers leverage with retailers (Aaker 1991) 1. And, loyalty reduces the sensitivity of consumers to food market offerings, which gives the firm time to respond to competitive moves (Aaker 1991) 1. In general, brand loyalty is a reflection of brand equity, which for many businesses is the largest single asset.Perhaps the most cited c one timeptual definition of brand loyalty comes from Jacoby and Chestnut (1978, p. 80)iii The biased, behavioral response, explicit over time, by some ending-making unit, with respect to one or more alternate brands out of a set of such brands, and is a function of psychological (decision-making, evaluative) processes. Consistent with this definition are two broad categories of operational definitions. The first stresses the behavioral response, expressed over timetypically a series of bribes. As Day (1979) discoverediv, however, the study limitation of behavioral measures is the failure to identify motive and the resulting con fusion between brand loyalty and other forms of repeat purchaseing. The major alternative operational definition is based on consumer attitudes, taste sensations, and purchase intentions. These measures stress the cognitive bias, and the psychological (decision-making evaluative) processes vestigial loyalty.Health Related ExpensesKSA TECHNOPAK has conceived an innovative product called Health Outlook 2003, which provides strategic insights to consumer shopping and buying behavior. Apart from the consumer insights, complete health profiling is also do for providing derived disease incidence and prevalence in the country.This Pan Indian research model provides large research depths by covering about 10,000 households across cities like Chandigarh, Delhi, Jaipur, Lucknow, Ludhiana, Calcutta, Patna, Bangalore, Chennai, Cochin, Hyderabad, Madurai, Ahmedabad, Indore, Mumbai, Nagpur, Pune and Surat. The rich answering profile includes SEC A, B and C giving a good coverage for demograp hic types.Health Outlook shows that health enjoys about 9.4 per cent share of the wallet of Indian consumer and is on the rise for the last three years. This spend includes health supplements, health drinks, doctors and consultants fees, medicines, medical insurance, regular check ups and so forth round 91 per cent of this was out-of-pocket expense and only 9 per cent came from employers and insurance. compendium of the consumers drug purchase behaviour shows that 59 per cent use old prescriptions and 29 per cent use over-the-counter drugs, recalling 88 cent of the consumers indulged in self-medication.Consumer attitudes to health drinks are mainly orderd by quality attributes. honest factors are important in some cases, but they may be overstated. The relationships between consumers awareness of health drink, price and perceived quality of food were investigated by tests involving series of consumer panels and receptive valuation. Sensory responses were also matched to instrum ental analytic thinking selective information. Results indicated that overall there was no relation between panelists views about health drinks and their arresting perceptions. 80 pct of the panelists felt that organic products were too high-priced, but would buy them if they were cheaper. However the study showed that most of the people would not be likely to change their option once they had do a product choice based upon sensory attributes. This has important implications, indicating that not only price, but also sensory quality of health drink must be considered in order to maintain repeated purchases by most consumers.It is widely accepted that consumer acceptance of drinks is mainly determined by their sensory perception, while choice is strongly influenced by the perceived value for money. Ethical factors are important in some cases, but they may be overstated. Although comparisons between organic and conventional drinks have been reported for a range of attributes, mea sures of the quality of health drinks as perceived by consumers using objective sensory evaluation methods, or the relevance of any preconceptions in perception have not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of objective quality measurements including sensory attributes and consumer perception of organically and conventionally produced health drink products.About two thirds of the consumers that participated in the survey believed that health drink is good for the environment, and 55% thought that it is healthier. However there was some confusion relating to the use of pesticides and chemicals in that. Few consumers distinguished health drinks by mien or gustatory modality. Buyers of health drinks were more likely to indicate that the appearance and taste are better, but environmental protection was still the dominant perceived benefit. Buyers who believe that health drink is better also think that it is expensive (pII. begin to the problemObjective or th eoretical frameworkThe objective of this research is to identify the factors that influence a person into making a decision to buy a certain brand of malt-based health drink.As mentioned in the Literature Review, according to industry analysts, this category has grown only on promotions and for now, turn out for promotions, cypher seems to be working. then(prenominal)ce, ideally, this research should be able to bring to the fore, certain other factors that could lead to a growth of this segment.At the very least, the research should brook the existing assumptions regarding the influencing factors. It should be in a position to verify that the steps divers(a) players are taking to stimulate volumes are in the right direction, and would last lead to an increase in market share.Research QuestionsI. What are the different Customer Segments depending upon the p observeences?II. What is the perception of people towards the leading brands of Health Food Drinks?III. What are differe nt factors that influence the customer when He/She buys a Health Food Drink?IV. Who are the major Influencers in the purchase decision of Health Food Drinks? denomination of information neededAfter fixing the objective, we started an extensive reading on the topic. The very first question we needed to clear in our mind was What does Health Food Drinks mean?Therefore we narrowed trim to the malt-based Health drinks like Bournvita and Horlicks.The subsequent readings helped us understand the consumer patterns and perceived needs of the consumers from a health drink. Depending upon that, we listed down some(prenominal) factors that can influence a consumer in buying or not buying a health drink.The study on Consumer Behaviour throws light on the prevalent consumer purchase influencers like Price, regimen, Palatability, and box which are included in the purchase influence factors in the questionnaireThe Literature on Indian eatable shows that the Indian consumer is getting more and more health conscious and thus there is huge potential difference for the health drinks in the Indian market.Nowadays there can be a number of sources that influence a family in buying a Health Drink. These sources can be promotions, furbish ups Advice, Peer Group dialogue ( countersignature of mouth) and choice of the children themselves.Since the malt-based health-drink segment is broadly divided into 2 categories brown (cocoa-based) and white, therefore it was decided to study the leading brands available in both these categories. We visited retail outlets in different parts of South Delhi to determine the most popular brands. We have assumed that brands that are most visible and widely available are the most popular, as retailers would stock only those brands that invoke maximum salesAll set factors were discussed and screened by the research team. In this process, factors that did not convey much, did not thinking(a) authentic or did not differ much from other factors w ere eliminated.III. Research DesignThe methodology followed for analyzing the consumer behavior of health food drink customers.3.1 feeler investigatingThis phase involved preliminary investigation of the confused factors which could possibly affect the consumers perception about the various brands and in turn influence the purchase decisions of the consumer. We in the first place utilise three methods to identify the various factors. The Secondary data gathered was analyzed to understand the current scenario of the Health drinks segment. The compendium of the secondary data also helped us keep different attributes which affect the health drinks segment.3.2 Collection of Quantitative dataMeasurement and Scaling Procedures Non-Comparative Rating scale is employ in which answerers mensurate only one object at a time, and for this reason noncomparative scales are often referred to as monadic scales. Noncomparative techniques consist of straight and itemized rating scales.We ha ve used continuous rating scale in order to rate the choices for purchase considerations and the sources of purchase decisions.Questionnaire Design This phase involved the design of the questionnaire on the stern of the potential factors identify as influencing the customer behavior. Research problems were listed and then the information needed was identified. The questions were then vigilant in order to fulfill the information requirements as identified earlier. ken Different Survey methods were used for collection of data. The principle method used was Personal Interviewing of the respondents. In-Home interviews were conducted by us at various locations in Delhi. We also did middle Intercept at popular markets like Sarojini Nagar and Malviya Nagar. Due to the shortage of time, we conducted a few telephonic interviews to maintain diversity in data.3.3 Sampling exercise cigaret Population The take population is the collection of elements or objects that process the information sought by the researcher and about which inferences are to be made. Our target population involves the users, deciders and buyers of health food drinks. The users include the old and the young population. The deciders and the buyers mostly include the house wives who buy the product from the market.Sample Size It denotes the number of elements to be included in the study. Due to time constraints the sample sizing chosen is very small.Sampling Technique A mixture of quota and stratified method was used for sampling, with care being taken to get responses from customers of different age groups and different family sizes. iv. FieldworkThe survey was conducted keeping in mind the users and deciders of the health drinks. The survey was conducted in the Paschim Vihar and Ranibagh Areas of Delhi. We made several(prenominal) trips to the local market (Sarojini Nagar and Malviya Nagar) and the nearby households to gather information from relevant people.V. Data edition and Analysis5.1 Data Analysis PlanThis chapter shows how the information needed to reply the three key research questions have been extracted via the questionnaire.Q1 explicitly asked the respondents if a health drink is used in the family or by them. The questionnaire was not administered to the respondents that answered NO to this question. much(prenominal) respondents have not been included in the sample size of 60 that has been mentioned.Q2 to Q6 of the questionnaire are used to get the general details about the respondent (age, educational qualification, annual income, family size and number of children in the family. Q4 explicitly asked the respondents about the size of the family and Q6 asked about the number of children in the respondents family.Q7 explicitly asks the brand preference of the respondent about the health drink.Q8 asks the respondents to rate the importance of the spare-time activity purchase considerations on a scale of 1(Very unimportant) to 5 (Very Important)a) Nourishmentb) rubricc) Palatabilityd) economic systeme) Shelf-presencef) incaseg) Brand Imageh) PromotionsThese attributes were decided after a thorough secondary data analysis. However some of these attributes might have similar effect on the consumer preference. Therefore we conduct a factor analysis to find out the factors to which one or more of the above variables belong. Q9 asks the respondents to rate the Sources of Information influencing the Purchase Decision. The following sources were considereda) advertisementb) Childrenc) Doctord) Familye) Past experiencef) Retailerg) Word of mouthThe respondents were asked to rank the factors in order of importance.Q10 ask the respondents to score each of the brands on the various product attributes on a scale of 1 5.Five major marketing brands were tested on the various product attributes mentioned. The brands included in the test werea) Boostb) Bournvitac) Compland) Horlickse) MiloQ11 and Q12 are used to determine the brand loyalty of the re spondent towards the health drink, thus asking the switching pattern of the users.Q13 in the Questionnaire attempts to find the Brand Personality by asking customers the perceived traits of each of the leading brands of health drinks available in the market today. It is very important to control that these are not the attributes that the drink claims to possess, via its advertisements and other promotional activities. For e.g. Boost in its campaign claims that Boost is the secret of my energy, but rather the attributes the customer feels that the drink possesses. Therefore, if respondents identify spiritedness with Boost it would imply that Boost is successful in its marketing strategy. The responses to this question would also be important to other players in this segment, as they would realize that their promotions are not being effective and hence this would encourage them to redirect their marketing efforts. Apart from spiritedness, the other important traits have been identifi ed as Modesty, Honesty, Cheerfulness, Boldness, Spiritedness, Reliability, Sophistication, Toughness, and Ruggedness.5.2 methodological analysisQuestionnaire Checking/ edit The questionnaire is checked for completion and interviewing quality. Editing is the review of the questionnaire with the objective of increasing accuracy and precision.Collation of Data The data is collated in the excel sheet and prepared for statistical analysis. An SPSS view of the data was also taken for further analysis.Choice of Statistical Analysis TechniquesT-statistic A t-test was conducted on the results of the survey in order to oppose the operator of the ranks for the factors or sources of information to find out the most important influencing the purchasing decision. T-test was also conducted on the various product attributes for different brands.Anova It is carried to study the divergency of the factors or product attributes that influence the most among the various demographic groups by conducti ng the one way Anova test on the scores of these 8 factors. grammatical constituent Analysis The various variables that denote the product attributes that determine the purchasing decision can be actually factored using factor analysis. This factoring of the variables helps in considerably studying the consumer behaviour.Cluster Analysis The set of respondents was segmented on the basis of the demographic information namely age-group, income-group, education, family size etc using ball analysis so as to identify the distinct clusters depending upon these demographic factors.Multi Dimensional Scaling This analysis was per organise on the overall samples as well as on the 2 segments by the piece so as to gauge the difference in their perceptions. The selection process depends on the fact that it is conducted on the aggregate level data, i.e. that on the two clusters formed after cluster analysis. This is due to the fact that all market strategies are typically formulated at the seg ment or aggregate level.5.3 Analysis and Interpretation Sources of Information influencing the Purchase Decisionh) adi) Childrenj) Doctork) Familyl) Past experiencem) Retailern) Word of mouthThe respondents were asked to rank the factors in order of importance. A t-test was conducted on the results of the survey in order to compare the means of the ranks for the factors. The results of the test are as shown in the parade 1. We can say from the results that there is a significant difference between the ranks of the factors with a 95% confidence.The two most important factors that emerge out of the tests overall are the Family doctor and the influence of the Family. This conclusion is an important implication for product placement. We can say that the health food drinks should appeal to the complete family rather than only a particular age group. Doctors can also be an important influencer or opinion leader and hence should be targeted in the product promotions. Some products have been promoting their products using comparative advertisements including testifications by the doctors.A second test can be conducted in the same manner taking only the cases where the people are having kids in the family. The results are shown in the break 2. We hold back that the two most important factors differ from the first scenario. The two most important factors that emerge out of the test are Family Doctor and Advertisement. Thus it can be concluded that advertisements have an important influence on the families having kids or in turn the kids. This can be comfortably observed from the large number of advertisements directed towards the well being of kids. Product Attributes Influencing the Purchase DecisionThe following product attributes were identified as influencing the purchase decisions of the customersa) Nourishmentb) Colourc) Palatabilityd) Economye) Shelf-presencef) Packagingg) Brand Imageh) PromotionsThe respondents were asked to score the importance of the fac tors on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the most important. A t-test was conducted on the scores of the factors in order to find the most important factors. The t-test shows there is a significant difference between the scores of the various factors with a 95% confidence. The results of the test are shown in Exhibit 3.We observe from the results that the two most important product attributes in making a purchase decision are the Palatability and the Nourishment perception in the minds of the customers. These factors turn out to be the same irrespective of whether there are children in the family or not.We then study the discrepancy of these factors among various demographic groups by conducting the one way Anova test on the scores of these 8 factors. We studied the variance of the mean scores of these attributes among the various groups differentiated by the following factors-a) Incomeb) Educationc) Aged) Family sizeThe results of the Anova tests which were conducted on the data ar e as shown in the Exhibits 4-7. We observe that there are no significant differences in the scores of the product attributes in different groups as classified by Income, Education and Family size deep down a 95% confidence interval.However there is a significant different on the Nourishment and Economy product attributes of health food drinks. As is observed from the mean scores, the Nourishment aspect becomes particularly important for people above the age of 60. It is also important for people who are young in age i.e. less than 20. However it does not seem to be very significant for people in the age group 33- 45.The factor analysis of these attributes is make in the following section. Factor Analysis of Purchase ConsiderationsThe factor analysis of the 8 product attributes yields the following 3 factorsFactor I Promotion, Shelf-Presence, Packaging EconomyFactor II Palatability, BrandFactor III Nourishment, Colour(For the output of factor analysis, refer to exhibit 8.)As facto r I squeeze the availability and affordability of the product, it can be termed as Purchase Feasibility.As factor II encompass the palatability and brand value of the product, it can be termed as Likeability.As factor III encompass the nutritional value and colour, an indicator of quality, of the product, it can be termed as Utility. Customer SegmentationThe set of respondents was segmented on the basis of the demographic information namely age-group, income-group, education, family size etc. The cluster analysis on these demographic variables yields the following 2 clusters* Cluster 1 The members are almost uniformly distributed across all age segments except under-20 in which no member lies. However, the family size is large than 3 for all the members and a bulk of members having 1-2 child in the family. The cluster size is 27 respondents.* Cluster 2 All the members in this cluster are less than the age of 32 yrs, with the majority being less than 20 yrs. Around 90% of the memb ers were either single or couple thus suggesting that the members were either students, or bachelor/newly-married young working professionals. The cluster size is 30 respondents.* As the consumption in cluster 2 would be lower than the large families comprising kids older persons because of less health concerns and preference for alternative beverages, the price sensitivity of cluster 2 would be low while cluster 1 is concerned about economy.(For output of cluster analysis, refer to Exhibit 9).Thus, cluster 1 could be termed as value-seekers while cluster 2 could be termed as quality-seekers. Different Brands on Product AttributesFive major selling brands were tested on the various product attributes mentioned. The brands included in the test weref) Boostg) Bournvitah) Complani) Horlicksj) MiloThe respondents were asked to score each of the brands on the various product attributes on a scale of 1 5. T-test was conducted on the various product attributes for different brands. The r esults have been shown in Exhibit 11.The number of respondents who were consuming the various brands is as shown in the pie chart. As we can observe from the graph, Bournvita is found to be the leading brand closely followed by Horlicks, while the other brands do not have a large taking from our survey.The results of the various brands on different attributes are as followsa) Nourishment Horlicks scores well above all the bUnderstanding Health Food Drink ConsumersUnderstanding Health Food Drink ConsumersHealth Food DrinksI. Problem definition1.1 BackgroundIndia, the worlds largest malt-based drinks market, accounts for 22% of the worlds retail volume sales. These drinks are traditionally consumed as milk substitutes and marketed as a nutritious drink, mainly consumed by the old, the young and the sick.The Health food drinks category consists of white drinks and brown drinks. South and East India are large markets for these drinks, accounting for the largest proportion of all India s ales. The total market is placed at about 90,000 ton and is estimated to be growing at about 4%. These Malt beverages, though, are still an urban phenomenon.White drinks account for almost two-thirds of the market. GSK Consumer Healthcare is the market leader in the white malt beverages category with a 60.7% overall market share. Heinzs Complan comes in second (in this segment, third overall) with a market share of 12-13%. Market leader GSK also owns other brands such as Boost, Maltova and Viva.Currently, brown drinks (which are cocoa-based) continue to grow at the expense of white drinks like Horlicks and Complan. The share of brown drinks has increased from about 32% to 35% over the last five years. Cadburys Bournvita is the leader in the brown drink segment with a market share of around 15%.Other significant players are Nestls Milo and GCMMFs Nutramul.1.2 Problem StatementThe project had been undertaken with an objective to understand the customer behaviour in the Health Food Dri nk (HFD) product category. The objective of the study also included identifying the determinant purchase factors, the customer segments and the sources of information they rely on. The existing positioning of prominent brands and the perceptions among different segments were also covered under the study. The brand loyalty and switching were also studied. The brand personality was also studied as a part of the project.II. Literature review Nutrition In IndiaAfter 4 years of age, a childs energy needs per kilogram of bodyweight are decreasing but the actual amount of energy (calories) required increases, as the child gets older. From 5 years to adolescence, there is a period of slow but steady growth. Dietary intakes of some children may be less than recommended for iron, calcium, vitamins A and D and vitamin C, although in most cases -as long as the energy and protein intakes are adequate and a variety of foods, including fruit and vegetables, are eaten- deficiencies are unlikely.Reg ular meals and healthy snacks that include carbohydrate -rich foods, fruits and vegetables, dairy products, lean meats, fish, poultry, eggs, legumes and nuts should contribute to proper growth and development without supplying excessive energy to the diet.Children need to drink plenty of fluids, especially if it is hot or they are physically active. Water is obviously a good source of liquid and supplies fluid without calories. Variety is important in childrens diets and other sources of fluid such as milk and milk drinks, fruit juices can also be chosen to provide needed fluids.In India, each State is practically equivalent to a country with its specific socio-economic level, different ethnic groups, food habits, health infrastructures and communication facilities. Thus, the nutritional status of the population shows significant variation between states since it results from a varying combination of factors.In the last 20 years, there has been an improvement in the nutritional stat us of the Indian population. This improvement results from not only changes in food intake but also socio-economic factors, increased availability of potable water, lower morbidity and improvement of health facilities.In children under five years of age, the marked improvement in nutritional status is shown by the reduction of the prevalence of underweight from 63%, in the 1975-79 period to 53% in the 1988-90 period. The under-five mortality rate (U5MR), an important indicator of the socio-economic development, and health and nutritional status of a society, declined from 282% in 1962 to 115 in 1994. However, a multitude of infectious diseases such as respiratory and intestinal infections as well as malaria remain the main cause of death in children under five, with malnutrition being an aggravating factor. Measles, tetanus, typhoid and hepatitis are also frequent causes of death during infancy and childhood.In the last 20 years, there have been no significant changes in patterns of dietary intake. Cereals remain the staple food in India providing most of the energy intake. Since the seventies the consumption of foods like pulses, roots and tubers has fallen, while those of other foods like sugar, jaggery (unrefined brown sugar), fats and oils and green leafy vegetables have slightly increased. The average Indian diet remains largely deficient in green leafy vegetables, meat, and fish, milk and milk products. Moreover, it also remains deficient in some micronutrients such as vitamin A, iodine and iron.Adolescents who are undergoing rapid growth and development are one of the nutritionally vulnerable groups who have not received the attention they deserve. In under-nourished children rapid growth during adolescence may increase the severity of under-nutrition. Early marriage and pregnancy will perpetuate both maternal and child under-nutrition. At the other end of spectrum among the affluent segment of population, adolescent obesity is increasingly becoming a p roblem.Pre-school children constitute the most nutritionally vulnerable segment of the population and their nutritional status is considered to be a sensitive indicator of community health and nutrition. Over the last two decades there has been some improvement in energy intake and substantial reduction in moderate and severe under- nutrition in pre- school children India has enormous under-nutrition and over-nutrition problemsAsia has the largest number of malnourished children in the world. The Double Burden of Malnutrition in Asia was inspired by the massive challenge that this situation currently poses for Asia. It describes the main driving forces behind the groundswell of under-nutrition, while shedding light on the emerging double burden of co-existing underweight and overweight, and the linkages between these two different forms of malnutrition.There are two types of nutritional problems one is under-nutrition and another is over-nutrition. Emphasis should be given not only to food but also to care and health, the reason being that even if children in the age group of 0-2 years are able to get food, they may have mothers who do not have enough time to pay attention to their children. Similarly, if there is no health-guaranteeing environment, and children suffer from diarrhoeal diseases, no amount of food will help prevent malnutrition.Over-nutrition, on the other hand, means either too many calories or the wrong types of calories such as saturated fats or highly processed sugar that lead to obesity, vascular diseases, etc. Many developing countries have under-nutrition and those in Europe and North America have over- nutrition problems. There is this in-between category with countries like India that still have an enormous amount of under-nutrition and significant over-nutrition problems. In India, for instance, around 50 per cent of its children under the age of five are undernourished or malnourished. But in urban areas, the over-nutrition problem i s shooting up, thanks to the change in lifestyle and food habits. As a result, health systems are under huge stress.When there is malnutrition, there is a higher level of lower birth rate. One in three babies born in India weigh significantly low because their mothers are undernourished. Some low-weight babies die and some survive and those who survive adapt to malnutrition and scarcity. That is, the biological adaptation is programmed to maximize every calorie the body gets. This adaptation that helped a malnourished baby survive suddenly turns out to be a mal-adaptation when the baby becomes an adult. The adult, who was malnourished in the past, gains extra weight even when he takes only normal amount of food because of the biological adaptation.Brand LoyaltySelling to brand loyal1 customers is far less costly than converting new customers (Reichheld 1996, Rosenberg and Czepiel 1983)i. In addition, brand loyalty provides firms with tremendous competitive weapons. Brand loyal consu mers are less price sensitive (Krishnamurthi and Raj 1991)ii. A strong consumer franchise gives manufacturers leverage with retailers (Aaker 1991) 1. And, loyalty reduces the sensitivity of consumers to marketplace offerings, which gives the firm time to respond to competitive moves (Aaker 1991) 1. In general, brand loyalty is a reflection of brand equity, which for many businesses is the largest single asset.Perhaps the most cited abstract definition of brand loyalty comes from Jacoby and Chestnut (1978, p. 80)iii The biased, behavioral response, expressed over time, by some decision-making unit, with respect to one or more alternative brands out of a set of such brands, and is a function of psychological (decision-making, evaluative) processes. Consistent with this definition are two broad categories of operational definitions. The first stresses the behavioral response, expressed over timetypically a series of purchases. As Day (1979) observediv, however, the major limitation of behavioral measures is the failure to identify motive and the resulting confusion between brand loyalty and other forms of repeat buying. The major alternative operational definition is based on consumer attitudes, preferences, and purchase intentions. These measures stress the cognitive bias, and the psychological (decision-making evaluative) processes underlying loyalty.Health Related ExpensesKSA TECHNOPAK has conceived an innovative product called Health Outlook 2003, which provides strategic insights to consumer shopping and buying behavior. Apart from the consumer insights, complete health profiling is also done for providing derived disease incidence and prevalence in the country.This Pan Indian research model provides large research depths by covering about 10,000 households across cities like Chandigarh, Delhi, Jaipur, Lucknow, Ludhiana, Calcutta, Patna, Bangalore, Chennai, Cochin, Hyderabad, Madurai, Ahmedabad, Indore, Mumbai, Nagpur, Pune and Surat. The rich respondent pr ofile includes SEC A, B and C giving a good coverage for demographic types.Health Outlook shows that health enjoys about 9.4 per cent share of the wallet of Indian consumer and is on the rise for the last three years. This spend includes health supplements, health drinks, doctors and consultants fees, medicines, medical insurance, regular check ups etc.About 91 per cent of this was out-of-pocket expense and only 9 per cent came from employers and insurance. Analysis of the consumers drug purchase behaviour shows that 59 per cent use old prescriptions and 29 per cent use over-the-counter drugs, meaning 88 cent of the consumers indulged in self-medication.Consumer attitudes to health drinks are mainly influenced by quality attributes. Ethical factors are important in some cases, but they may be overstated. The relationships between consumers awareness of health drink, price and perceived quality of food were investigated by tests involving series of consumer panels and sensory evaluat ion. Sensory responses were also matched to instrumental analysis data. Results indicated that overall there was no relation between panelists views about health drinks and their sensory perceptions. Eighty percent of the panelists felt that organic products were too expensive, but would buy them if they were cheaper. However the study showed that most of the people would not be likely to change their preference once they had made a product choice based upon sensory attributes. This has important implications, indicating that not only price, but also sensory quality of health drink must be considered in order to maintain repeated purchases by most consumers.It is widely accepted that consumer acceptance of drinks is mainly determined by their sensory perception, while choice is strongly influenced by the perceived value for money. Ethical factors are important in some cases, but they may be overstated. Although comparisons between organic and conventional drinks have been reported f or a range of attributes, measures of the quality of health drinks as perceived by consumers using objective sensory evaluation methods, or the relevance of any preconceptions in perception have not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of objective quality measurements including sensory attributes and consumer perception of organically and conventionally produced health drink products.About two thirds of the consumers that participated in the survey believed that health drink is good for the environment, and 55% thought that it is healthier. However there was some confusion relating to the use of pesticides and chemicals in that. Few consumers distinguished health drinks by appearance or taste. Buyers of health drinks were more likely to indicate that the appearance and taste are better, but environmental protection was still the dominant perceived benefit. Buyers who believe that health drink is better also think that it is expensive (pII. Approach to the problemObjective or theoretical frameworkThe objective of this research is to identify the factors that influence a person into making a decision to buy a certain brand of malt-based health drink.As mentioned in the Literature Review, according to industry analysts, this category has grown only on promotions and for now, except for promotions, nothing seems to be working. Therefore, ideally, this research should be able to bring to the fore, certain other factors that could lead to a growth of this segment.At the very least, the research should corroborate the existing assumptions regarding the influencing factors. It should be in a position to verify that the steps various players are taking to stimulate volumes are in the right direction, and would eventually lead to an increase in market share.Research QuestionsI. What are the different Customer Segments depending upon the preferences?II. What is the perception of people towards the leading brands of Health Food Drinks?III. What are different factors that influence the customer when He/She buys a Health Food Drink?IV. Who are the major Influencers in the purchase decision of Health Food Drinks?Identification of information neededAfter fixing the objective, we started an extensive reading on the topic. The very first question we needed to clear in our mind was What does Health Food Drinks mean?Therefore we narrowed down to the malt-based Health drinks like Bournvita and Horlicks.The subsequent readings helped us understand the consumer patterns and perceived needs of the consumers from a health drink. Depending upon that, we listed down several factors that can influence a consumer in buying or not buying a health drink.The study on Consumer Behaviour throws light on the prevalent consumer purchase influencers like Price, Nourishment, Palatability, and Packaging which are included in the purchase influence factors in the questionnaireThe Literature on Indian Nourishment shows that the Indian consumer is gett ing more and more health conscious and thus there is huge potential for the health drinks in the Indian market.Nowadays there can be a number of sources that influence a family in buying a Health Drink. These sources can be promotions, Doctors Advice, Peer Group talks ( word of mouth) and choice of the children themselves.Since the malt-based health-drink segment is broadly divided into 2 categories brown (cocoa-based) and white, therefore it was decided to study the leading brands available in both these categories. We visited retail outlets in different parts of South Delhi to determine the most popular brands. We have assumed that brands that are most visible and widely available are the most popular, as retailers would stock only those brands that invoke maximum salesAll identified factors were discussed and screened by the research team. In this process, factors that did not convey much, did not sound authentic or did not differ much from other factors were eliminated.III. Res earch DesignThe methodology followed for analyzing the consumer behavior of health food drink customers.3.1 Preliminary InvestigationThis phase involved preliminary investigation of the various factors which could possibly affect the consumers perception about the various brands and in turn influence the purchase decisions of the consumer. We primarily used three methods to identify the various factors. The Secondary data gathered was analyzed to understand the current scenario of the Health drinks segment. The analysis of the secondary data also helped us find different attributes which affect the health drinks segment.3.2 Collection of Quantitative dataMeasurement and Scaling Procedures Non-Comparative Rating scale is used in which respondents evaluate only one object at a time, and for this reason noncomparative scales are often referred to as monadic scales. Noncomparative techniques consist of continuous and itemized rating scales.We have used continuous rating scale in order t o rate the choices for purchase considerations and the sources of purchase decisions.Questionnaire Design This phase involved the design of the questionnaire on the basis of the potential factors identified as influencing the customer behavior. Research problems were listed and then the information needed was identified. The questions were then prepared in order to fulfill the information requirements as identified earlier.Survey Different Survey methods were used for collection of data. The principle method used was Personal Interviewing of the respondents. In-Home interviews were conducted by us at various locations in Delhi. We also did Mall Intercept at popular markets like Sarojini Nagar and Malviya Nagar. Due to the shortage of time, we conducted a few telephonic interviews to maintain diversity in data.3.3 Sampling ProcessTarget Population The target population is the collection of elements or objects that process the information sought by the researcher and about which infer ences are to be made. Our target population involves the users, deciders and buyers of health food drinks. The users include the old and the young population. The deciders and the buyers mostly include the house wives who buy the product from the market.Sample Size It denotes the number of elements to be included in the study. Due to time constraints the sample size chosen is very small.Sampling Technique A mixture of quota and stratified method was used for sampling, with care being taken to get responses from customers of different age groups and different family sizes. iv. FieldworkThe survey was conducted keeping in mind the users and deciders of the health drinks. The survey was conducted in the Paschim Vihar and Ranibagh Areas of Delhi. We made several trips to the local market (Sarojini Nagar and Malviya Nagar) and the nearby households to gather information from relevant people.V. Data Interpretation and Analysis5.1 Data Analysis PlanThis chapter shows how the information ne eded to answer the three key research questions have been extracted via the questionnaire.Q1 explicitly asked the respondents if a health drink is used in the family or by them. The questionnaire was not administered to the respondents that answered NO to this question. Such respondents have not been included in the sample size of 60 that has been mentioned.Q2 to Q6 of the questionnaire are used to get the general details about the respondent (age, educational qualification, annual income, family size and number of children in the family. Q4 explicitly asked the respondents about the size of the family and Q6 asked about the number of children in the respondents family.Q7 explicitly asks the brand preference of the respondent about the health drink.Q8 asks the respondents to rate the importance of the following purchase considerations on a scale of 1(Very unimportant) to 5 (Very Important)a) Nourishmentb) Colourc) Palatabilityd) Economye) Shelf-presencef) Packagingg) Brand Imageh) P romotionsThese attributes were decided after a thorough secondary data analysis. However some of these attributes might have similar effect on the consumer preference. Therefore we conduct a factor analysis to find out the factors to which one or more of the above variables belong. Q9 asks the respondents to rate the Sources of Information influencing the Purchase Decision. The following sources were considereda) Advertisementb) Childrenc) Doctord) Familye) Past experiencef) Retailerg) Word of mouthThe respondents were asked to rank the factors in order of importance.Q10 ask the respondents to score each of the brands on the various product attributes on a scale of 1 5.Five major selling brands were tested on the various product attributes mentioned. The brands included in the test werea) Boostb) Bournvitac) Compland) Horlickse) MiloQ11 and Q12 are used to determine the brand loyalty of the respondent towards the health drink, thus asking the switching pattern of the users.Q13 in t he Questionnaire attempts to find the Brand Personality by asking customers the perceived traits of each of the leading brands of health drinks available in the market today. It is very important to realize that these are not the attributes that the drink claims to possess, via its advertisements and other promotional activities. For e.g. Boost in its campaign claims that Boost is the secret of my energy, but rather the attributes the customer feels that the drink possesses. Therefore, if respondents identify spiritedness with Boost it would imply that Boost is successful in its marketing strategy. The responses to this question would also be important to other players in this segment, as they would realize that their promotions are not being effective and hence this would encourage them to redirect their marketing efforts. Apart from spiritedness, the other important traits have been identified as Modesty, Honesty, Cheerfulness, Boldness, Spiritedness, Reliability, Sophistication, Toughness, and Ruggedness.5.2 MethodologyQuestionnaire Checking/Editing The questionnaire is checked for completion and interviewing quality. Editing is the review of the questionnaire with the objective of increasing accuracy and precision.Collation of Data The data is collated in the excel sheet and prepared for statistical analysis. An SPSS view of the data was also taken for further analysis.Choice of Statistical Analysis TechniquesT-statistic A t-test was conducted on the results of the survey in order to compare the means of the ranks for the factors or sources of information to find out the most important influencing the purchasing decision. T-test was also conducted on the various product attributes for different brands.Anova It is carried to study the variance of the factors or product attributes that influence the most among the various demographic groups by conducting the one way Anova test on the scores of these 8 factors.Factor Analysis The various variables that denote the product attributes that determine the purchasing decision can be actually factored using factor analysis. This factoring of the variables helps in easily studying the consumer behaviour.Cluster Analysis The set of respondents was segmented on the basis of the demographic information namely age-group, income-group, education, family size etc using cluster analysis so as to identify the distinct clusters depending upon these demographic factors.Multi Dimensional Scaling This analysis was performed on the overall samples as well as on the 2 segments individually so as to gauge the difference in their perceptions. The selection process depends on the fact that it is conducted on the aggregate level data, i.e. that on the two clusters formed after cluster analysis. This is due to the fact that all market strategies are typically formulated at the segment or aggregate level.5.3 Analysis and Interpretation Sources of Information influencing the Purchase Decisionh) Advertisementi) Chil drenj) Doctork) Familyl) Past experiencem) Retailern) Word of mouthThe respondents were asked to rank the factors in order of importance. A t-test was conducted on the results of the survey in order to compare the means of the ranks for the factors. The results of the test are as shown in the Exhibit 1. We can say from the results that there is a significant difference between the ranks of the factors with a 95% confidence.The two most important factors that emerge out of the tests overall are the Family doctor and the influence of the Family. This finding is an important implication for product placement. We can say that the health food drinks should appeal to the complete family rather than only a particular age group. Doctors can also be an important influencer or opinion leader and hence should be targeted in the product promotions. Some products have been promoting their products using comparative advertisements including testifications by the doctors.A second test can be condu cted in the same manner taking only the cases where the people are having kids in the family. The results are shown in the Exhibit 2. We observe that the two most important factors differ from the first scenario. The two most important factors that emerge out of the test are Family Doctor and Advertisement. Thus it can be concluded that advertisements have an important influence on the families having kids or in turn the kids. This can be easily observed from the large number of advertisements directed towards the well being of kids. Product Attributes Influencing the Purchase DecisionThe following product attributes were identified as influencing the purchase decisions of the customersa) Nourishmentb) Colourc) Palatabilityd) Economye) Shelf-presencef) Packagingg) Brand Imageh) PromotionsThe respondents were asked to score the importance of the factors on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the most important. A t-test was conducted on the scores of the factors in order to find the most important factors. The t-test shows there is a significant difference between the scores of the various factors with a 95% confidence. The results of the test are shown in Exhibit 3.We observe from the results that the two most important product attributes in making a purchase decision are the Palatability and the Nourishment perception in the minds of the customers. These factors turn out to be the same irrespective of whether there are children in the family or not.We then study the variance of these factors among various demographic groups by conducting the one way Anova test on the scores of these 8 factors. We studied the variance of the mean scores of these attributes among the various groups differentiated by the following factors-a) Incomeb) Educationc) Aged) Family sizeThe results of the Anova tests which were conducted on the data are as shown in the Exhibits 4-7. We observe that there are no significant differences in the scores of the product attributes in different gro ups as classified by Income, Education and Family size within a 95% confidence interval.However there is a significant different on the Nourishment and Economy product attributes of health food drinks. As is observed from the mean scores, the Nourishment aspect becomes particularly important for people above the age of 60. It is also important for people who are young in age i.e. less than 20. However it does not seem to be very significant for people in the age group 33- 45.The factor analysis of these attributes is done in the following section. Factor Analysis of Purchase ConsiderationsThe factor analysis of the 8 product attributes yields the following 3 factorsFactor I Promotion, Shelf-Presence, Packaging EconomyFactor II Palatability, BrandFactor III Nourishment, Colour(For the output of factor analysis, refer to exhibit 8.)As factor I encompass the accessibility and affordability of the product, it can be termed as Purchase Feasibility.As factor II encompass the palatability and brand value of the product, it can be termed as Likeability.As factor III encompass the nutritional value and colour, an indicator of quality, of the product, it can be termed as Utility. Customer SegmentationThe set of respondents was segmented on the basis of the demographic information namely age-group, income-group, education, family size etc. The cluster analysis on these demographic variables yields the following 2 clusters* Cluster 1 The members are almost uniformly distributed across all age segments except under-20 in which no member lies. However, the family size is large than 3 for all the members and a majority of members having 1-2 child in the family. The cluster size is 27 respondents.* Cluster 2 All the members in this cluster are less than the age of 32 yrs, with the majority being less than 20 yrs. Around 90% of the members were either single or couple thus suggesting that the members were either students, or bachelor/newly-married young working professionals. The cluster size is 30 respondents.* As the consumption in cluster 2 would be lower than the large families comprising kids older persons because of less health concerns and preference for alternative beverages, the price sensitivity of cluster 2 would be low while cluster 1 is concerned about economy.(For output of cluster analysis, refer to Exhibit 9).Thus, cluster 1 could be termed as value-seekers while cluster 2 could be termed as quality-seekers. Different Brands on Product AttributesFive major selling brands were tested on the various product attributes mentioned. The brands included in the test weref) Boostg) Bournvitah) Complani) Horlicksj) MiloThe respondents were asked to score each of the brands on the various product attributes on a scale of 1 5. T-test was conducted on the various product attributes for different brands. The results have been shown in Exhibit 11.The number of respondents who were consuming the various brands is as shown in the pie chart. As we can o bserve from the graph, Bournvita is found to be the leading brand closely followed by Horlicks, while the other brands do not have a large taking from our survey.The results of the various brands on different attributes are as followsa) Nourishment Horlicks scores well above all the b